Yintoni uMhlaza Wesisu? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango?

Yintoni uMhlaza Wesisu? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango?
Umhlaza wesisu ubangelwa kukwahlukana okungaqhelekanga kweeseli esiswini. Isisu sisilungu esinezihlunu esikwindawo engentla yomqolo wesisu kwicala lasekhohlo, ngaphantsi kweembambo.

Umhlaza wesisu ubangelwa kukwahlukana okungaqhelekanga kweeseli esiswini. Isisu sisilungu esinezihlunu esikwindawo engentla yomqolo wesisu kwicala lasekhohlo, ngaphantsi kweembambo. Ukutya okuthathwe ngomlomo kuhanjiswa esiswini ngommizo. Ukutya okufikelela esiswini kunokugcinwa kwisisu okwethutyana. Emva koko ziyatshatyalaliswa zize zetyiswe.

Isisu sinamacandelo amane: "i-cardia", ebizwa ngokuba ngumnyango wesisu apho i-esophagus idibanisa, "fundus", eyona ndawo iphezulu yesisu, "i-corpus", engumzimba wesisu, kwaye " pylorus", edibanisa isisu kumathumbu amancinci.

Umhlaza wesisu, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesisu, unokusuka kuyo nayiphi na indawo yesisu. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, eyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wesisu ngumzimba wesisu. Nangona kunjalo, eUnited States, indawo eqhelekileyo apho umhlaza wesisu uqala khona yi-gastroesophageal junction, apho isisu kunye ne-esophagus zidibanisa.

Umhlaza wesisu sisifo esihamba kancinci kancinci. Iyenzeka kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 kunye nama-80s.

Zeziphi Iindidi Zomhlaza Wesisu?

Umhlaza wesisu usuka kwiiseli zamadlala ezigqume umphezulu wesisu kwi-95% yeemeko. Umhlaza wesisu ungaqhubela phambili kwaye usasazeke eludongeni lwesisu kunye nakwigazi okanye kwi-lymphatic circulation.

Umhlaza wesisu uthiywa ngokweseli osuka kuyo. Eminye imihlaza yesisu eqhelekileyo zezi zilandelayo:

  • I-Adenocarcinoma : Lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesisu. Ithumba livela kwisakhiwo sedlala esigqume umphezulu wesisu.
  • I-Lymphoma : Isuka kwiiseli ze-lymphocyte ezithatha inxaxheba kwi-immune system.
  • I-Sarcoma : Luhlobo lomhlaza osuka kwizicubu ezinamafutha, kwizicubu ezixhumeneyo, kwizicubu zomzimba okanye kwimithambo yegazi.
  • Umhlaza we-Metastatic : Luhlobo lomhlaza olwenzeka ngenxa yokusasazeka kwamanye ama-cancer anjengomhlaza webele, umhlaza wemiphunga okanye i-melanoma esiswini, kwaye izicubu zomhlaza eziphambili azikho esiswini.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wesisu, ezifana ne-carcinoid tumor, i-cell carcinoma encinci kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma, azixhaphakanga kangako.

Zeziphi izizathu zoMhlaza weSisu?

Indlela ebangela ukukhula okungalawulekiyo kunye nokwanda kweeseli esiswini kwaye ibangele umhlaza ayaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kukho ezinye izinto ezongeza umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu.

Enye yezi yibhaktheriya ye-H.pylori, enokubangela usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-asymptomatic kunye nezilonda esiswini. I-gastritis, echazwa njengokukrala kwesisu, i-anemia eyingozi, luhlobo oluhlala ixesha elide lwe-anemia, kunye ne-polyps, ezizizakhiwo eziphuma kumphezulu wesisu, zinyusa lo mngcipheko. Ezinye izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu zidweliswe ngezantsi:

  • Ukutshaya
  • Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba
  • Ukutya kakhulu ukutya okutshayayo kunye nokutya okunetyuwa
  • Ukutya i-pickle kakhulu
  • Ukusela utywala rhoqo
  • Ukwenziwa utyando lwesisu ngenxa yesilonda
  • Iqela legazi
  • Usulelo lwentsholongwane ye-Epstein-Barr
  • Ezinye zemfuza
  • Ukusebenza kumashishini amalahle, isinyithi, amaplanga okanye irabha
  • Ukubonakaliswa kweasbestos
  • Ukuba nomntu kusapho onomhlaza wesisu
  • Ukuba neFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)-Lynch Syndrome okanye iPeutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Umhlaza wesisu uqala ngotshintsho kwiDNA, imathiriyeli yemfuza, yeeseli ezisesiswini. Olu tshintsho luvumela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zahlule kwaye ziphile ngokukhawuleza ngelixa iiseli eziphilileyo zifa. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iiseli zomhlaza ziyadibanisa kwaye zitshabalalise izicubu ezisempilweni. Ngaloo ndlela, inokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ziziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wesisu?

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesisu kukwehla kobunzima bomzimba. Isigulane silahlekelwa yi-10% okanye ngaphezulu kobunzima bomzimba wakhe kwiinyanga ze-6 zokugqibela. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuqwalaselwa njengeempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu:

  • Ukungatyibiliki
  • Ukuziva udumbile emva kokutya
  • Ukuvutha komsindo esifubeni
  • Isicaphucaphu esincinci
  • Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya

Iimpawu ezinjengokungatyi okanye ukutshisa isifuba kuphela akubonisi umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izikhalazo zininzi kwaye iimpawu ezingaphezulu kwesinye zijongwa, isigulana sivavanyelwa izinto ezinobungozi bomhlaza wesisu kwaye ezinye iimvavanyo zinokucelwa.

Njengoko ubukhulu be-tumor bukhula, izikhalazo ziba nzima ngakumbi. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela lomhlaza wesisu, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuthi zenzeke:

  • Isisu esibuhlungu
  • Ukubona igazi esitulweni
  • Ukugabha
  • Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo
  • Ubunzima bokuginya
  • Amehlo amhlophe atyheli kunye nombala wesikhumba otyheli
  • Ukudumba esiswini
  • Ukuqunjelwa okanye urhudo
  • Ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa
  • Intlungu esifubeni

Izikhalazo ezidweliswe ngasentla zinzima kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukubonisana nogqirha.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wesisu?

Alukho uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza wesisu. Kubekho ukuhla kwinani leemeko zomhlaza wesisu kule minyaka ingama-60 idlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanembali yosapho okanye i-syndromes ebeka umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu kufuneka bahambe baye kuhlolwa rhoqo. Imbali yonyango yesigulane ithathwa kwaye uvavanyo lomzimba luqala.

Ukuba ugqirha ubona kuyimfuneko, unokucela ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana nezi zilandelayo:

  • Iimpawu zeTumor: Inqanaba legazi lezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngabamakishi bomhlaza (CA-72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9)
  • I-Endoscopy: Isisu sixilongwa ngoncedo lwetyhubhu ebhityileyo nethambileyo kunye nekhamera.
  • Upper Gastrointestinal System Radiograph: Isigulana sinikwa ulwelo olutshikisiweyo olubizwa ngokuba yibarium kwaye isisu sibonwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiradiograph.
  • IComputed Tomography: Sisixhobo somfanekiso esenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngoncedo lwemitha yeX-reyi.
  • I-Biopsy: Iisampulu ithathwa kwisihlunu esingaqhelekanga sesisu kwaye ixilongwe ngezifo. Uxilongo oluqinisekileyo yi-biopsy kwaye uhlobo lomhlaza lugqitywa sisiphumo se-pathology.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wesisu

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo emisela unyango lomhlaza wesisu ngamanqanaba omhlaza wesisu. Amanqanaba omhlaza wesisu; Kuchongwa ngobungakanani bethumba, ukuba lisasazeke kwi-lymph node, okanye lisasazeke kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwesisu.

Umhlaza wesisu luhlobo lomhlaza odla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma kwaye uqala kwi-mucosa yesisu. Amanqanaba omhlaza wesisu anceda ukumisela ubungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza kunye neendlela zonyango. Ukwenziwa kweqonga ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenzisa inkqubo ye-TNM. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwiiparameters I-Tumor (i-tumor), i-Node (i-lymph node) kunye ne-Metastasis (isasazeka kwizitho ezikude). Amanqanaba omhlaza wesisu ngala:

Isigaba somhlaza wesisu 0 Iimpawu

Inqanaba le-0 : Kubukho beeseli ezingenampilo ezinokuthi zijike zibe ziiseli zomhlaza kwi-epithelial layer egubungele indawo engaphakathi yesisu. Unyango lufumaneka ngokususa ngotyando inxalenye okanye sonke isisu. Kanye kunye nesisu, i-lymph nodes kufuphi nesisu, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-immune system emzimbeni wethu, nayo iyasuswa.

Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza uchaphazela kuphela iiseli ezikwinwebu yesisu kwaye awukanwenweli kwizicubu ezinzulu okanye iilymph nodes.

Kwinqanaba le-0 (Tis N0 M0) lomhlaza wesisu, umhlaza uchaphazele kuphela iiseli kwi-lining yesisu kwaye awukasasazeki kwizicubu ezinzulu okanye i-lymph nodes. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zomhlaza kweli nqanaba zihlala zincinci.

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-1 Iimpawu

Inqanaba 1: Kweli nqanaba, kukho iiseli zomhlaza esiswini kwaye zinokusasazeka kwii-lymph nodes. Njengakwinqanaba le-0, inxalenye okanye sonke isisu kunye ne-lymph nodes kwindawo ekufutshane ziyasuswa ngotyando. I-Chemotherapy okanye i-chemoradiation inokongezwa kunyango ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando.

Xa yenziwe ngaphambi kotyando, inciphisa ubukhulu bomhlaza ize ivumele ukuba ususwe ngotyando, yaye xa yenziwe emva kotyando, isetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.

I-Chemotherapy ngamachiza ajolise ekubulaleni iiseli zomhlaza. Ukongeza kwiziyobisi, i-chemoradiotherapy ijolise ekubulaleni iiseli zomhlaza ngokusebenzisa amandla aphezulu emitha nge-radiotherapy.

Kwinqanaba loku-1 lomhlaza wesisu (T1 N0 M0), umhlaza usasazeke kumphezulu okanye kumaleko asezantsi odonga lwesisu, kodwa awusasazeki kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwamanye amalungu. Iimpawu kweli nqanaba zinokufana nenqanaba le-0, kodwa kunokubakho ezinye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezibonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-1 Iimpawu;

  • Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokungakhululeki
  • Ukungatyi ukutya okanye isicaphucaphu
  • Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nokunciphisa umzimba
  • Ilindle elinegazi okanye ugabha
  • Ukudinwa

Umhlaza wesisu Stage 2 Iimpawu

Inqanaba lesi-2 : Umhlaza unwenwele kumaleko anzulu wesisu kunye nee-lymph nodes. Ngokufana nenqanaba le-1 unyango, unyango oluphambili kwisigaba se-2 lubandakanya i-chemoradiotherapy yangaphambili okanye emva kokuhlinzwa kunye nokuhlinzwa.

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-2 Iimpawu;

  • Ukuvuvukala kwi-lymph nodes
  • Ukudinwa
  • Ilindle elinegazi okanye ugabha
  • Ukuqunjelwa kunye nesicaphucaphu
  • Ukutya kunye nokuncipha kwesisindo

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-3 Iimpawu

Inqanaba lesi-3 : Umhlaza usasazeke kuzo zonke iileyi zesisu kunye namalungu akufutshane afana ne-spleen kunye nekholoni. Ngotyando, isisu sonke siyasuswa kwaye ichemotherapy inikwa. Nangona kunjalo, nangona olu nyango lunganikezeli unyango oluchanekileyo, luyayikhulula iimpawu kunye neentlungu zesigulana.

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-3 Iimpawu;

  • Ijaundice
  • Ukwanda kwe-anemia
  • Ukuvuvukala kwi-lymph nodes
  • Ukudinwa
  • Ilindle elinegazi okanye ugabha
  • Ukuqunjelwa kunye nesicaphucaphu
  • Ukutya kunye nokuncipha kwesisindo

Umhlaza wesisu Stage 4 Iimpawu

Inqanaba lesi-4 : Umhlaza uye wanwenwela kumalungu akude nesisu, afana nengqondo, imiphunga kunye nesibindi. Kunzima kakhulu ukubonelela ngonyango, injongo kukuphelisa iimpawu.

Umhlaza Wesisu Inqanaba le-4 Iimpawu;

  • Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokungakhululeki
  • Ukungatyi ukutya okanye isicaphucaphu
  • Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kunye nokunciphisa umzimba
  • Ilindle elinegazi okanye ugabha
  • Ukudinwa
  • Ijaundice
  • Ukwanda kwe-anemia
  • Ukuvuvukala kwi-lymph nodes
  • Iingxaki zokuphefumla

Unyangwa Njani Umhlaza Wesisu?

Unyango lomhlaza wesisu luyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yempilo yesigulane. Unyango lomhlaza wesisu ludla ngokubandakanya indlela enye okanye ngaphezulu. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunyango lomhlaza wesisu zezi zilandelayo.

Uqhaqho: Yindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo kunyango lomhlaza wesisu. Ungenelelo lotyando kukususwa kwethumba. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukususa isisu sonke (i-gastrectomy iyonke) okanye inxalenye yaso kuphela (i-partial gastrectomy).

Radiotherapy: Isetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwazo ngokusebenzisa imitha ephezulu yamandla. I-radiotherapy inokusetyenziswa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando, okanye kwiimeko apho umhlaza uye wanwenwa.

Unyango ngamachiza: Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwazo.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuThintela uMhlaza weSisu?

Ezinye zezilumkiso ezinokuthathwa ukuthintela umhlaza wesisu zidweliswe ngezantsi:

  • Yeka ukutshaya
  • Ukunyangwa ukuba unesilonda esiswini
  • Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwefayibha
  • Ukungaseli utywala
  • Ukusebenzisa amayeza afana neentlungu kunye ne-aspirin ngononophelo

Ukuba uneengxaki ezinzima zesisu okanye izikhalazo ezinzulu ezifana nokubona igazi kwisitulo sakho okanye ukulahlekelwa ubunzima ngokukhawuleza, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane neziko lezempilo kwaye ufumane inkxaso koogqirha beengcali.

Ngaba Uqhaqho Lomhlaza Wesisu Lusemngciphekweni?

Utyando lomhlaza wesisu, njengalo naluphi na ungenelelo lotyando, lubandakanya iingozi. Noko ke, iingozi zotyando zisenokwahluka kuxhomekeka kwimpilo yomguli ngokubanzi, kwinqanaba lomhlaza, nohlobo lotyando. Ngoko ke, iingozi kunye neenzuzo zotyando lomhlaza wesisu kufuneka zihlolwe ngokwemeko yesigulane. Imingcipheko enokubakho yomhlaza wesisu ibandakanya;

  • Usulelo
  • Ukopha
  • Iingxaki ze-anesthesia
  • Ukonakala kwamalungu
  • Iingxaki zokuphola kwesilonda
  • Iingxaki zokutya
  • Kukho iingozi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neengxaki ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni Elungileyo kuMhlaza Wesisu?

Alukho unyango oluthe ngqo lokunyanga okanye ukunyanga imeko embi njengomhlaza wesisu. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye nokutya okunokulinganisela kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu kunye nokuxhasa inkqubo yonyango.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Ziziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wesisu?

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesisu kukwehla kobunzima bomzimba. Isigulane silahlekelwa yi-10% okanye ngaphezulu kobunzima bomzimba wakhe kwiinyanga ze-6 zokugqibela. Phakathi kweempawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesisu: ukungagatyi kakuhle, ukuziva udumbile emva kokutya, ukuvutha kwesifuba, isicaphucaphu nokungathandi ukutya.

Ngaba Likhona Ithuba Lokusinda Umhlaza Wesisu?

Amathuba okuphila kumntu ofunyenwe enomhlaza wesisu axhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwezi zinto; Ezi ziquka inqanaba lomhlaza, impendulo kunyango, imeko yezempilo yesigulane, ubudala, isini, isimo sesondlo kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango. Umhlaza wesisu ofunyenwe kumanqanaba okuqala udla ngokuba ne-prognosis engcono kuba uphendula ngcono kunyango.

Ngaba iimpawu zoMhlaza weSisu kunye neKholoni ziyafana?

Umhlaza wesisu (i-adenocarcinoma yesisu) kunye nomhlaza wekoloni (umhlaza we-colorectal) zintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezichaphazela iinkqubo zamalungu ahlukeneyo. Nangona zombini ezi ndidi zomhlaza zikwinkqubo yamathumbu, iimpawu zazo zihlala zingafani.

Iphi Intlungu yoMhlaza Wesisu?

Iintlungu zomhlaza wesisu zidla ngokuvakala kwindawo yesisu. Nangona kunjalo, indawo ethile apho intlungu ivakalelwa khona kunye neempawu zayo ziyahluka kumntu nomntu.