Yintoni Psoriasis? Iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango

Yintoni Psoriasis?

I-Psoriasis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-psoriasis, sisifo esingapheliyo kwaye esinganyangekiyo kwaye sibonwa ngesantya esimalunga ne-1-3% kwihlabathi jikelele. Nangona ihlala iqala kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ingenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka ukususela ekuzalweni. Kukho imbali yosapho kwi-30% yamatyala.

Kwi-psoriasis, ii-antigens ezahlukeneyo zenziwe ngeeseli esikhumbeni. Ezi antigens zidlala indima ekwenzeni amajoni omzimba. Iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba ezisebenzayo zibuyela eluswini kwaye zibangela ukwanda kweeseli kunye nesiphumo sokuvela kwamacwecwe athile e-psoriasis eluswini. Ke ngoko, i-psoriasis sisifo esiphuhla ngumzimba ngokuchasene nezicubu zawo. Iziphazamiso ezinjalo zihlelwa njengezifo ze-autoimmune.

Kwizigulane ze-psoriasis, iiseli ze-T lymphocyte ze-immune system ziyasebenza kwaye ziqala ukuqokelela esikhumbeni. Emva kokuqokelelana kwezi seli eluswini, umjikelo wobomi wezinye iiseli zolusu uyakhawuleza kwaye ezi seli zenza ubume bamatye aqinileyo. I-Psoriasis yenzeka ngenxa yenkqubo yokwanda kwezi seli zesikhumba.

Iiseli zolusu ziveliswa kumaleko anzulu wolusu, zinyuka ngokuthe chu ukuya phezulu, kwaye emva kwexesha elithile, zigqibezela umjikelo wobomi bazo kwaye ziphalazwe. Umjikelo wobomi beeseli zesikhumba uhlala malunga nenyanga enye. Kwizigulana ze-psoriasis, lo mjikelo wobomi unokufinyezwa ukuya kutsho kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Iiseli ezigqibezela umjikelo wobomi bazo azinaxesha lokuwa kwaye ziqale ukuqokelelana phezu kwenye. Izilonda ezenzeka ngale ndlela zingabonakala njengeeplaques, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezidibeneyo, kodwa nakwizandla zesigulane, ezinyaweni, entanyeni, entloko okanye esikhumbeni sobuso.

Yintoni ebangela iPsoriasis?

Unobangela osisiseko we-psoriasis awukachazwanga ngokuqinisekileyo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lugxininisa imbono yokuba izinto ezinxulumene nemfuza kunye ne-immune system zinokusebenza ngokubambisana ekuphuhliseni isifo.

Kwi-psoriasis, okuyimeko ye-autoimmune, iiseli eziqhele ukulwa ne-microorganisms zangaphandle zidibanisa amajoni omzimba ngokuchasene ne-antigens yeeseli zesikhumba kwaye zibangele ukuba kwenzeke irhashalala. Kucingelwa ukuba ezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye nemfuza zisenokubangela uphuhliso lweeseli zolusu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.

Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwezi zinto zibangelayo zezi:

• Usulelo lomqala okanye ulusu
• Iimeko zemozulu ezibandayo nezomileyo
• Ukuhambelana nezifo ezahlukeneyo ze-autoimmune
• Ukwenzakala kwesikhumba
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba okanye ukuchaphazeleka komsi wecuba
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo
• Emva kokuyeka ngokukhawuleza kweziyobisi ezithathwe kwi-steroid
• Emva kokusetyenziswa kwamanye amachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi okanye isifo seengcongconi

Kumbuzo wokuba ngaba i-psoriasis iyasuleleka, impendulo inokunikwa ukuba esi sifo singenzeka nakubani na kwaye akukho nto isasazeka phakathi kwabantu. Imbali yokuqalisa komntwana inokufunyanwa kwisinye kwisithathu samatyala.

Ukuba nembali yosapho yinto ebalulekileyo yomngcipheko. Ukuba nesi sifo kumalungu osapho asondeleyo kunokubangela ukwanda kwamathuba okuba umntu ophethwe sisifo se-psoriasis. I-psoriasis ezuzwe njengemfuza ifunyenwe malunga ne-10% yabantu abakwiqela lomngcipheko. Kule 10%, i-2-3% iphuhlisa i-psoriasis.

Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba kunokubakho imimandla yentliziyo ye-25 eyahlukeneyo ehambelana nomngcipheko we-psoriasis. Utshintsho kule mimandla yemfuza lunokubangela ukuba iiseli ze-T ziziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunesiqhelo. IRashes ngendlela yokwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi, ukukhawuleza komjikelo weeseli kunye ne-dandruff kwenzeka eluswini oluhlaselwe ziiseli ze-T.

Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neentlobo zePsoriasis?

I-Psoriasis inekhosi engapheliyo kwaye uninzi lwezigulane zifumana i-plaques yesikhumba kunye ne-dandruff. Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwikota yamatyala. Ukuchacha ngokuzenzekelayo kunqabile, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, amaxesha okuxolelwa kunye nokugqithisa kunokwenzeka. Uxinzelelo, utywala, usulelo lwentsholongwane okanye ibhaktiriya lunokubangela ukuvutha. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kukwaphakathi kwezinto ezinokusenza sibe mandundu esi sifo.

Uninzi lwezigulana ziyarhawuzelelwa kwakunye namaqhaga esikhumbeni. Kwisifo esiqhelekileyo, kunokubakho ubunzima bokugcina ubushushu bomzimba, ukubanda, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kweeprotheyini. Kwezinye iimeko, i-rheumatism inokukhula ngenxa ye-psoriasis. Kwi-rheumatism enxulumene ne-psoriasis, inokuthi yenzeke kwisandla, iminwe, idolo, i-ankle kunye namalungu entamo. Kwezi meko, kukho nezilonda zesikhumba.

Iimpawu ze-psoriasis zinokuvela naphi na emzimbeni, kodwa zihlala zivela emadolweni, engqinibeni, entloko nakwindawo yesini. Xa i-psoriasis isenzeka kwizikhonkwane, imingxuma emincinci, umbala otyheli-mdaka kunye nokujiya kwezikhonkwane kunokwenzeka.

I-Psoriasis ineendlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezilonda zolusu:

• I-Psoriasis ye-Plaque

I-Plaque psoriasis, okanye i-psoriasis vulgaris, yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-psoriasis kwaye ithatha malunga ne-85% yezigulane. Ibonakala ngamaqhakuva angwevu okanye amhlophe kwiiplakhu ezibomvu. Izilonda zixhaphake kakhulu emadolweni, emadolweni, kwingingqi ye-lumbar kunye ne-scalp.

Ezi zilonda, ezihluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10 yeesentimitha, zinokufikelela kubukhulu obugubungela inxalenye yomzimba kwabanye abantu. Ukwenzakala okubangelwa zizenzo ezinjengokukrwela ulusu olungagungqiyo kunokubangela ukwakheka kwezilonda kuloo ndawo. Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Koebner phenomenon, ingabonisa ukuba isifo siyasebenza ngaloo mzuzu.

Ukufunyanwa kwe-punctate ukopha kwiisampulu ezithathwe kwizilonda kwi-plaque psoriasis yezigulane kuthiwa luphawu lwe-Auspitz kwaye lubalulekile kuxilongo lwezonyango.

• Isifo se-Psoriasis

I-Guttate Psoriasis yenza izilonda ngendlela yezangqa ezincinci ezibomvu esikhumbeni. Yesibini ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-psoriasis emva kwe-plaque psoriasis kwaye ikhona malunga ne-8% yezigulane. I-Guttate psoriasis ithande ukuqala ebuntwaneni nasebudaleni obuncinci.

Izilonda ezibangelwayo zincinci, zihlukanisiwe kwaye zifana ne-drop-shaped. I-Rashes, eyenzeka rhoqo kwi-trunk kunye neziphelo, nayo inokuvela ebusweni kunye ne-scalp. Ubunzima berhashalala bungaphantsi kobo be-Psoriasis ye-Plaque, kodwa bunokujiya ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kunokubakho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela ukuba kuphuhliswe i-guttate psoriasis. Usulelo lwebhaktiriya emqaleni, uxinzelelo, ukwenzakala kwesikhumba, usulelo kunye namayeza ahlukeneyo aphakathi kwezi zinto zibangela. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo efunyenwe ebantwaneni lusulelo lwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-streptococcus. I-Guttate psoriasis yindlela ye-psoriasis ene-prognosis engcono kakhulu kuzo zonke ii-subtypes.

• I-Pustular Psoriasis

I-pustular psoriasis, enye yeendlela ezinzima ze-psoriasis, ivelisa i-pustules ebomvu, njengoko igama libonisa. Izilonda zingenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba, kubandakanywa iindawo ezizimeleyo ezifana neentende zezandla neenyawo, kwaye zinokufikelela kubukhulu obugubungela indawo enkulu. I-pustular psoriasis, njengezinye i-subtypes, inokuchaphazela iindawo ezidibeneyo kwaye ibangele i-dandruff eluswini. Izilonda ze-pustular ezibangelwayo zikwimo ye-white, pus-filled blisters.

Kwabanye abantu, ixesha lokuhlaselwa apho i-pustules yenzeke kunye nexesha lokuxolelwa kunokulandelana ngebhayisikile. Ngethuba lokuqulunqwa kwe-pustules, umntu unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukubetha ngokukhawuleza, ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla phakathi kweempawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngeli xesha.

• I-Intertriginous Psoriasis

Olu hlobo luncinci lwe-psoriasis, olukwabizwa ngokuba yi-flexural okanye inverse psoriasis, luyenzeka ngokubanzi kwibele, kwikhwapha kunye nesikhumba se-groin apho ulusu lugotywa khona. Izilonda ezibangelwayo zibomvu kwaye ziyacwebezela.

Kwizigulane ezine-psoriasis ye-intertriginous, i-rash ayinakwenzeka ngenxa yomswakama kwiindawo apho izilonda zivela khona. Isilumkiso kufuneka sisetyenziswe njengoko le meko inokubhidaniswa nezifo zebhaktiriya okanye zokungunda kwabanye abantu.

Abantu abane-psoriasis bafunyanwa bekhatshwa zii-subtypes ezahlukeneyo kwamanye amalungu omzimba. Ulumkiso kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengoko amanxeba anokuba mandundu xa kukhuhlane.

• Erythrodermic Psoriasis

I-Erythrodermic Psoriasis, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-exfoliative psoriasis, luhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-psoriasis eyenza izilonda ezifana nokutshisa. Esi sifo sinokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba sifune unyango olungxamisekileyo. Ukulawulwa kokushisa komzimba okungahambi kakuhle ngenye yezona zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokulaliswa esibhedlele kwizigulane ezinjalo.

Kwi-erythrodermic psoriasis, enokuthi igqume indawo enkulu yomzimba ngexesha, ulusu lubukeka ngathi lwenza emva kokutshiswa lilanga. Izilonda zinokugquma ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ziwe ngendlela yokungunda okukhulu. Irhashalala eyenzeka kolu hlobo lunqabileyo lwe psoriasis luyarhawuzelelwa kakhulu kwaye lunokubangela iintlungu ezitshisayo.

• I-Psoriatic Arthritis

I-Psoriatic arthritis sisifo samathambo esibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye sithintela izinto ezenziwa ngumntu, kwaye sichaphazela malunga nesi-1 kwisi-3 sezigulana ze-psoriasis. I-Psoriatic arthritis ihlulwe ibe ngamacandelwana e-5 ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu. Okwangoku, akukho yeza okanye enye indlela yonyango enokunyanga ngokuqinisekileyo esi sifo.

I-Psoriatic arthritis kwizigulana ezine-psoriasis, eyona nto i-autoimmune disorder, yenzeka emva kokuba amajoni omzimba ajolise kumalungu kunye nolusu. Le meko, enokuthi ichaphazele kakhulu amalungu ezandla, ingenzeka kuyo nayiphi na idibeneyo emzimbeni. Ukubonakala kwezilonda zesikhumba kwizigulane ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izikhalazo ezidibeneyo.

Ifunyaniswa njani iPsoriasis?

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kudla ngokubonakala ngokubonakala kwezilonda zesikhumba. Ubukho be-psoriasis kwintsapho bunceda ukuxilongwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-psoriasis inokufunyaniswa ngokuhlolwa komzimba kunye nokuhlolwa kwezilonda zodwa. Ngaphakathi kovavanyo lomzimba, ubukho beempawu ezinxulumene ne-psoriasis buyabuzwa. Kwiimeko ezikrokrisayo, i-biopsy yesikhumba yenziwa.

Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-biopsy, isampuli encinci yesikhumba ithathwa kwaye iisampulu zithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngenkqubo ye-biopsy, uhlobo lwe-psoriasis lunokucaciswa.

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo ye-biopsy, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ze-biochemical nazo zinokwenziwa ukuxhasa ukuxilongwa kwe-psoriasis. Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo, inqanaba le-rheumatoid factor, izinga le-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), inqanaba le-uric acid, uvavanyo lokukhulelwa, iiparamitha ze-hepatitis kunye novavanyo lwesikhumba lwe-PPD ziphakathi kwezinye izixhobo zokuxilonga ezinokusetyenziswa.

Inyangwa njani iPsoriasis (Psoriasis)?

Izimvo zesigulana zikwathathelwa ingqalelo xa kusenziwa isigqibo ngonyango lwe-psoriasis. Ekubeni unyango luya kuba lude, ukuthotyelwa kwesigulane kwisicwangciso sonyango kubaluleke kakhulu. Izigulana ezininzi nazo zineengxaki ze-metabolic ezifana nokutyeba, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-hyperlipidemia. Ezi meko zikwaqwalaselwa xa kucwangciswa unyango. Ukucwangciswa konyango lwenziwa ngokobunzima besifo kunye nokuba kuphazamisa umgangatho wobomi.

Kwiimeko ezibekwe kwindawo ethile yomzimba, kusetyenziswa iikhrimu ezifanelekileyo zolusu. Iikhrimu ezine-cortisone zihlala zikhethwa. Iikrimu zinconywa ukuba zigcine ulusu lufumile. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo baphathwa nge-cortisone creams encinci kunye ne-phototherapy. Ngaphambi koku, i-gynecologist inokudityaniswa ukuze ifumane ulwazi lokuba unyango aluyi kubangela nayiphi na ingozi.

I-Cream, ijeli, igwebu okanye amayeza aphuma kwisitshizi ane-corticosteroids anokuba luncedo kwiimeko ze-psoriasis ephakathi kunye nephakathi. La machiza asetyenziswa imihla ngemihla ngexesha lokunyuka, kwaye asetyenziselwa ixesha elide ngexesha apho isifo singekho. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kweziyobisi ze-corticosteroid ezomeleleyo kunokubangela ukubhitya kwesikhumba. Enye ingxaki eyenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kukuba iyeza liphulukana nokusebenza kwalo.

Xa usenza unyango olukhanyayo (i-phototherapy), zombini imitha yendalo kunye ne-ultraviolet yamaza ahlukeneyo asetyenziswayo. Le mitha inokuphelisa iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba eziye zahlasela iiseli ezisempilweni zolusu. Kwiimeko ezincinci kunye neziphakathi kwe-psoriasis, i-UVA kunye ne-UVB imitha ingaba nefuthe elihle ekulawuleni izikhalazo.

Kwi-phototherapy, unyango lwe-PUVA (Psoralen + UVA) lusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-psoralen. Imitha enokusetyenziswa kunyango lwe-psoriasis yimitha ye-UVA enobude obuyi-311 nanometers kunye nemitha ye-UVB emxinwa enobude obungamaza angama-313. Imitha ye-narrow ultraviolet B (UVB) ingasetyenziswa ebantwaneni, kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abasetyhini abancancisayo okanye abantu abadala. I-subtype ye-psoriasis ephendula kakuhle kwi-phototherapy yi-guttate psoriasis.

Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha banokukhetha amayeza anevithamin D. Itela yamalahle ikwaphakathi kweendlela zonyango. Iikhrimu eziqukethe i-vitamin D zinefuthe ekunciphiseni izinga lokuhlaziywa kweeseli zesikhumba. Iimveliso eziqukethe i-charcoal zingasetyenziswa kwi-cream, ioli okanye iifom ze-shampoo.

Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-psoriasis, amayeza e-systemic asetyenziswa ngaphezu kwe-phototherapy kunye ne-creams efakwe kwi-topical nayo yongezwa kunyango. Kubalulekile ukugcina ulusu lufumile kwaye luthambile. Unyango lweziyobisi olucwangcisiweyo lukhethwa ngokukodwa kwiimeko zokuvuvukala kwamalungu kunye nokubandakanyeka kwezikhonkwane.

Amachiza omhlaza afana ne-methotrexate kunye ne-cyclosporine, iifom ze-vitamin A ezaziwa ngokuba yi-retinoids kunye neziyobisi eziphuma kwi-fumarate ziphakathi kweziyobisi zenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kunyango lwe-psoriasis. Kwizigulane apho unyango lwenkqubo luqaliswe, uvavanyo lwegazi lwesiqhelo kufuneka lwenziwe kwaye imisebenzi yesibindi kunye nezintso kufuneka ibekwe esweni ngokusondeleyo.

Amayeza e-retinoid acinezela ukuveliswa kweeseli zesikhumba. Akufanele ilibaleke ukuba izilonda ze-psoriasis zinokuphinda zenzeke emva kokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezi ziyobisi. Iziyobisi eziphuma kwi-retinoid nazo zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokudumba kwemilebe nokulahleka kweenwele. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abafazi abafuna ukukhulelwa kwiminyaka eyi-3 akufanele basebenzise amayeza aqukethe i-retinoids ngenxa yeziphene ezinokwenzeka zokuzala.

Injongo yokusebenzisa amayeza e-chemotherapy afana ne-cyclosporine kunye ne-methotrexate kukucinezela ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba. I-Cyclosporine iyasebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-psoriasis, kodwa umphumo wayo we-immune-weakness unokumisela umntu kwizifo ezahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. La machiza anezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinjengeengxaki zezintso kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.

Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba imiphumo embalwa yecala iyenzeka xa usebenzisa i-methotrexate kwimilinganiselo ephantsi, kodwa akufanele ilibale ukuba iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zinokuthi zenzeke ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Ezi ziphumo ezibi zibandakanya umonakalo wesibindi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemveliso yeeseli zegazi.

Kwi-psoriasis, kukho iimeko ezibangela ukuba isifo kwaye sibangele ukuba sivuthe. Ezi ziquka i-tonsillitis, ukusuleleka kwi-urinary tract, ukubola kwamazinyo, umonakalo wolusu ngokukrwela, ukukrazula kunye nemikrwelo, iingxaki zeemvakalelo, iziganeko ezibuhlungu kunye noxinzelelo. Zonke ezi meko kufuneka ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo. Izigulana ezifumana inkxaso yengqondo koogqirha bengqondo okanye kwiisayikholojisti nazo ziphakathi kweendlela ezinokuba luncedo.

I-Psoriasis sisifo esicetyiswa kakhulu. Iimvakalelo ezintle zesigulana malunga nokuba ngcono zinokuchaphazela ngokusondeleyo indlela yesi sifo. Kwamkelekile ukuba ezi ndlela zingezinye ezisetyenziswa kwizigulana zibakhulula ngokwasengqondweni kwaye zinempembelelo yengcebiso. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba abantu abane-psoriasis babe phantsi kweliso likagqirha kwaye bazuze kwiindlela zesintu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwendlela yokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila kunye ne-psoriasis ayikacaciswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuphelisa ubunzima obuninzi, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso eziqulethe amafutha e-trans okanye endalo, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala lutshintsho lwesicwangciso sesondlo esiphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni efanelekileyo kwi-psoriasis. Kwangaxeshanye, izigulana zifanele zilumke malunga nokuba kukuphi ukutya ezikutyayo okubangela ukuba eso sifo sivuthe.

Uxinzelelo yeyona nto ibangela i-psoriasis. Ukujamelana noxinzelelo lobomi kunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukugqithiswa kunye nokulawula iimpawu. Imithambo yokuphefumla, ukucamngca kunye neyoga ziphakathi kweendlela ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ukulawula uxinzelelo.