XHYintoni umhlaza wesibindi? Ziziphi iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango?
umhlaza wesibindi
Umhlaza wesibindi ngamathumba ayingozi avela kwizicubu zelungu. Iziganeko zesi sifo ziyahluka ngokwengingqi. Ngelixa isifo siyingxaki ebalulekileyo yempilo yoluntu, ngakumbi kwimimandla apho usulelo lwe-Hepatitis B luxhaphakile, esi sifo siluhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza kumazwe aphuhlileyo apho ugonyo lusebenza khona. Ixhaphake kakhulu emadodeni kunabasetyhini. I-Hepatocellular carcinoma evela kwi-hepatocyte, iseli esebenzayo yesibindi, yenza malunga ne-90% yomhlaza wesibindi. Ezona ziseleyo zizidumba ezibizwa ngokuba yicholangiocarcinoma, ezisuka ikakhulu kwimibhobho yenyongo engaphakathi kwesibindi. Awona mathumba axhaphakileyo esibindini ziimetastases. I-Metastasis kukusasazeka komhlaza ukusuka kwelinye ilungu okanye izicubu ukuya esibindini. Umhlaza osuka phantse kulo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba unokunwenwela esibindini.
Iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi
Izigulane ezininzi ezinomhlaza wesibindi azinazo naziphi na iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala, ngoko ke, nokuba akukho zikhalazo, ngakumbi kwizigulane ezinobungozi obufana ne-cirrhosis, ukulandelela kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili. Umhlaza wesibindi udla ngokubangelwa kukudumba kwesisu, ukuba tyheli kolusu, ukurhawuzelelwa, iintlungu eziqala kwindawo engaphezulu ekunene yesisu zize zibenemitha emqolo, ukwehla emzimbeni ngesiquphe, ukungakuthandi ukutya kangangeeveki, ukuziva uhluthi kunye nokudumba emva koko. ukutya nangona utya kancinci, umkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku, ukuwohloka ngequbuliso kwimpilo jikelele, ukuchama Kuzibonakalisa ngeempawu zejaundice ezifana nokuba mnyama kombala kunye nelindle eliluthuthu. Nangona uninzi lwezi mpawu ziyimpawu ezinzima, azibonakalisi iimpawu zomhlaza wesibindi kuba zonke zinokubangelwa yenye imeko efana nosulelo.
Umhlaza wesibindi oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
Nangona unobangela womhlaza wesibindi ungaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho izifo okanye izinto ezicingelwa ukuba zinoxanduva lesi sifo kwaye zandisa umngcipheko kakhulu. Ukuba ne-jaundice ngenxa ye-hepatitis B kunye neentsholongwane ze-hepatitis C kunye nokuba ngumthwali wentsholongwane zezona zizathu zibalulekileyo ezisisiseko. Umhlaza wesibindi unokwenzeka kwiminyaka emva kosulelo olunjalo lwentsholongwane. Unokuba nesifo ngaphandle kokuba nezikhalazo malunga neentsholongwane ze-hepatitis, kwaye kunokuqondwa kuphela ukuba unesifo kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Iscar ebangelwa sirrhosis yesibindi (i-5% yezigulane ze-cirrhosis zisengozini yomhlaza wesibindi), i-adenoma yesibindi, ezinye izinto ze-carcinogenic ezifumaneka kukutya, ezinye iziyobisi kunye nezifo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-hemachromatosis, ukuthatha i-anabolic steroids, isibindi esinamafutha, imbali yentsapho yesibindi. umhlaza, iinkozo iiPoisons ezibizwa ngokuba zii-aflatoxins eziveliswa ngumngundo ophilayo obizwa ngokuba yi-Aspergillus, ukutshaya, i-arsenic, ityhefu efumaneka emanzini okusela, isifo seswekile, ukuba nomzimba otyebileyo, ukuba nomzimba obuthathaka kunye nokusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zeepilisi zokulawula ukuzala, utywala (i-1 kuzo zonke iimeko ezi-3). umhlaza wesibindi (i) ubakho ngenxa yotywala) uphakathi koonobangela bomhlaza wesibindi.
Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wesibindi?
Nangona ithuba lokuxilongwa kwangaphambili komhlaza wesibindi liphantsi kakhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuba usibambe isifo ngaphambi kokuba siqhubele phambili kwizigaba eziphambili kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo, ngakumbi kwizigulane ezinobungozi obukhulu. Esi sifo sinokufunyaniswa nge-ultrasonography, i-computed tomography kunye ne-magnetic resonance. Uvavanyo lwe-alpha-fetoprotein luyenziwa kwakhona.
Unyango lomhlaza wesibindi
I-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ngowona mhlaza wesibindi uxhaphakileyo kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ziyafumaneka. Indlela yonyango izigulane zixhamla kakhulu kunyango lotyando. Ukususa inxalenye yesibindi ukuba iqulethe i-tumors okanye ukutshintshwa kwesibindi zikhetho zonyango. Oko kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngexesha lotyando kukuba isibindi esiseleyo sinomgangatho owaneleyo kunye nobukhulu besigulane. I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, iindlela apho ithumba litshiswe (unyango lwe-ablation) okanye unyango lwenyukliya lwe-nuclear kunye ne-microspheres lunokusetyenziswa kumathumba apho utyando alufanelekanga okanye kwizigulana ekucingelwa ukuba azikwazi ukwenza olu tyando lukhulu.