Yintoni iSithuthwane? Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo sokuwa?

Isifo sokuwa sidume ngokuba sisifo sokuwa. Kwisifo sokuxhuzula, ukukhutshwa ngesiquphe nangokungalawulekiyo kwenzeka kwimithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyanzeliswa okungafunekiyo, utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nokutshintsha kwengqondo kwenzeka kwisigulane. Ukuxhuzula sisifo esibangela ukuxhuzula. Isigulane sisempilweni phakathi kokuxhuzula. Isigulana esixhuzula kanye kuphela ebomini saso asijongwa njengesathuthwane.

Ukuxhuzula sisifo esingapheliyo (ixesha elide), esaziwa ngokuba sisifo sokuxhuzula. Kwisifo sokuxhuzula, ukukhutshwa ngesiquphe nangokungalawulekiyo kwenzeka kwimithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyanzeliswa okungafunekiyo, utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nokutshintsha kwengqondo kwenzeka kwisigulane. Ukuxhuzula sisifo esibangela ukuxhuzula. Isigulane sisempilweni phakathi kokuxhuzula. Isigulana esixhuzula kanye kuphela ebomini saso asijongwa njengesathuthwane.

Bamalunga nezigidi ezingama-65 abaguli abaxhuzulayo ehlabathini. Nangona okwangoku kungekho iyeza elinokubonelela ngonyango oluqinisekileyo lwesifo sokuxhuzula, sisigulo esinokugcinwa phantsi kolawulo ngobuchule bokuthintela ukuxhuzula kunye namayeza.

Yintoni Ukuxhuzula?

Ukuxhuzula, okwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwimisebenzi yombane yengqondo kwaye kunokukhatshwa ziimpawu ezinjengokungcangcazela okukhohlakeleyo kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo kunye nolawulo, yingxaki ebalulekileyo yempilo eyayikho kwiintsuku zokuqala zempucuko.

Ukuxhuzula kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuselela okuhambelanayo kweqela leeseli ze-nerve kwinkqubo ye-nervous ngexesha lexesha. Kwezinye iimeko zokuxhuzula, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha kunokuhamba kunye nokuxhuzula.

Nangona isifo sokuwa nokuxhuzula ingamagama asetyenziswa ngokufanayo, azithethi into enye. Umahluko phakathi kokuxhuzula nokuxhuzula kukuba ukuxhuzula sisifo esibonakala ngokuxhuzula okuphindaphindiweyo nokuzenzekelayo. Imbali enye yokuxhuzula ayibonisi ukuba umntu unesifo sokuwa.

Yintoni ebangela ukuxhuzula?

Iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zinokudlala indima ekuphuhliseni ukuxhuzula. Ukungalingani phakathi kweemeko zokuphumla kunye nezolonwabo zemithambo-luvo zinokuthi zenze isiseko se-neurobiological esisiseko sokuxhuzula.

Unobangela osisiseko awunakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iimeko zokuxhuzula. Ukwenzakala ekuzalweni, ukwenzakala entloko ngenxa yeengozi zangaphambili, imbali yokuzalwa nzima, ukungahambi kakuhle kwemithambo kwimithambo yobuchopho kwiminyaka yobudala, izifo ezinomkhuhlane omkhulu, iswekile esegazini ephantsi kakhulu, ukurhoxa etywaleni, amathumba e-intracranial kunye nokudumba kwengqondo zezinye zezinto ezichongiweyo. njengokuba inxulumene notyekelo lokuba nokuxhuzula. Isifo sokuxhuzula sinokubakho nanini na ukususela ebusaneni ukusa kwiminyaka yobudala.

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokonyusa ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuphuhlisa isifo sokuxhuzula:

Ubudala

Isifo sokuxhuzula sinokubonwa kulo naliphi na iqela leminyaka yobudala, kodwa amaqela eminyaka apho esi sifo sifunyaniswa kakhulu ngabantu abasebancinci nasemva kweminyaka engama-55.

Ukosulelwa kwengqondo

Kukho ukwanda komngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo sokuwa kwizifo ezihamba phambili ngokuvutha, njenge-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kweembrane zobuchopho) kunye ne-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho).

Ukuxhuzula kwabantwana

Ukuxhuzula okungahambelani nesifo sokuxhuzula kuyenzeka kwabanye abantwana abancinci. Ukuxhuzula, okwenzeka ngokukodwa kwizifo ezihamba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyanyamalala njengoko umntwana ekhula. Kwabanye abantwana, oku kuxhuzula kunokuphela ngokukhula kwesifo sokuwa.

isifo sengqondo esiyingozi

Kusenokubakho ukuthambekela ekuphuhliseni ukuxhuzula kwizifo ezifana nesifo se-Alzheimer, esiqhubela phambili nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yokuqonda.

Imbali yoSapho

Abantu abanezalamane ezisondeleyo ezinesifo sokuxhuzula bagqalwa njengabasesichengeni esongezelelekileyo sokuhlaselwa sesi sifo. Kukho malunga ne-5% yokuthambekela kwesi sifo kubantwana abanomama okanye utata wabo onesifo sokuxhuzula.

Iintlungu zeNtloko

Isifo sokuwa singenzeka kubantu emva kokwenzakala entloko njengokuwa kunye neempembelelo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela intloko kunye nomzimba ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lemisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili, i-skiing kunye nokukhwela isithuthuthu.

Iziphazamiso zeVascular

Ukubetha, okwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nokuvala okanye ukopha kwimithambo yegazi ejongene neoksijini kunye nenkxaso yezondlo zengqondo, kunokubangela umonakalo wobuchopho. Izihlunu ezonakeleyo ebuchotsheni zinokubangela ukuba umntu axhuzule ekuhlaleni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abantu babe nokuxhuzula.

Ziziphi iimpawu zesifo sokuwa?

Ezinye iintlobo zesifo sokuwa zingenzeka ngaxeshanye okanye ngokulandelelanayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubonakale iimpawu ezininzi ebantwini. Ubude beempawu bunokwahluka kwimizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-15.

Ezinye iimpawu zibalulekile kuba zenzeke phambi kokuba kubanjwe isifo sokuwa:

Imeko yequbuliso yoloyiko olukhulu kunye nokuxhalaba
Isicaphucaphu
Isiyezi
Utshintsho olunxulumene nombono
Ukungalawuleki ngokuyinxenye kwiintshukumo zeenyawo nezandla
Ukuziva ngathi uphuma emzimbeni wakho
Intloko ebuhlungu

Iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenzeka emva kwezi meko zinokubonisa ukuba umntu uhlakulele:

Ukubhideka okulandela ukulahlekelwa zingqondweni
Ukucutheka kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo
Ugwebu oluphuma emlonyeni
Ukuwa
Incasa engaqhelekanga emlonyeni
Ukuqhina amazinyo
Ukuluma ulwimi
Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kweentshukumo zamehlo
Ukwenza izandi ezingaqhelekanga nezingenantsingiselo
Ukungakwazi ukulawula amathumbu kunye nesinyi
Imo ngesiquphe iyatshintsha

Zeziphi Iindidi Zokuxhuzula?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuxhuzula ezinokuchazwa njengokuxhuzula. Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okufutshane kubizwa ngokuba kukuxhuzula ukungabikho. Ukuba ukuxhuzula kwenzeka kwindawo enye kuphela yomzimba, kubizwa ngokuba kukuxhuzula okugxilwe kuko. Ukuba ukufinyela kwenzeka emzimbeni wonke ngexesha lokuxhuzula, isigulana siphulukana nomchamo namagwebu emlonyeni, oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuxhuzula okuqhelekileyo.

Ekuxhuzuleni okuqhelekileyo, kukho ukukhutshwa kwe-neuronal kuninzi lwengqondo, ngelixa kuhlutha lwengingqi, inye kuphela ingingqi yobuchopho (ekugxilwe kuyo) ebandakanyekayo kweso siganeko. Kwi-focal seizures, ukwazi kusenokuba kuvuliwe okanye kuvaliwe. Ukuxhuzula okuqale ngokungqongqo kusenokusasazeka. Ukuxhuzula okugxilwe kuko kuvavanywa ngokwamaqela amabini aphambili. Ukuxhuzula okulula okugxininise kunye nokuxhuzula okuntsonkothileyo (okuntsonkothileyo) kubandakanya ezi ntlobo zi-2 zokuxhuzula okugxilwe kuko.

Kubalulekile ukugcina ingqondo kwi-seizures elula kwaye ezi zigulana zinokuphendula imibuzo kunye nemiyalelo ngexesha lokubanjwa. Kwangaxeshanye, abantu emva kokubanjwa kugxininise ngokulula banokukhumbula inkqubo yokubamba. Kwi-contract focal seizures, kukho utshintsho kwingqondo okanye ekulahlekelweni kwengqondo, ngoko aba bantu abanakuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwimibuzo kunye nemiyalelo ngexesha lokubanjwa.

Ukwahlula oku kuxhuzula kubini kugxininiso kubalulekile kuba abantu abanokuxhuzula okuntsonkothileyo akufuneki bazibandakanye kwimisebenzi efana nokuqhuba okanye ukusebenzisa oomatshini abakhulu.

Ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zinokuthi zenzeke kwizigulana zokuxhuzula ezifumana ukuxhuzula okujonge ngqo:

Ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula kumalungu omzimba afana neengalo nemilenze
Ukutshintsha kweemvakalelo ngesiquphe okwenzekayo ngaphandle kwesizathu
Iingxaki ekuthetheni nasekuqondeni into ethethwayo
Imvakalelo ye-deja vu, okanye imvakalelo yokukhumbula amava ngokuphindaphindiweyo
Ukuziva ungakhululekanga njengokunyuka kwesisu (epigastric) kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukudanyaza kokukhanya, okanye ukuntyiloza okunzulu okwenzeka ngaphandle kokuvuselela iimvakalelo ezifana nevumba, incasa, okanye ukuva.

Kwiimeko ezinzima zokuxhuzula, utshintsho lwenzeka kwinqanaba lokuqonda komntu, kwaye olu tshintsho kwingqondo lunokuhamba kunye neempawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

Iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo (aura) ezibonisa ukuphuhliswa kokuxhuzula
Ujongo olungenanto lujonge kwindawo esisigxina
Iintshukumo ezingenantsingiselo, ezingenanjongo neziphindaphindayo (automatism)
Ukuphindaphinda amagama, ukukhala, ukuhleka kunye nokulila
Ukungaphenduli

Ekuxhuzuleni okuqhelekileyo, iindawo ezininzi zobuchopho zidlala indima ekukhuleni kokuxhuzula. Kukho iintlobo ezi-6 ezahlukeneyo zokuxhuzula ngokubanzi:

Kuhlobo lwe-tonic yokubamba, kukho ukunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo, okunamandla kunye nokuqina kwindawo echaphazelekayo yomzimba. Ukutshintsha kwethoni yemisipha kunokubangela ukuqina kwezi zihlunu. Ingalo, umlenze kunye nezihlunu zangasemva ngamaqela ezihlunu achaphazeleka kakhulu kuhlobo lokubanjwa kwetonic. Utshintsho kwingqondo alubonwa kolu hlobo lokuxhuzula.

I-Tonic seizures idla ngokubakho ngexesha lokulala kwaye ubude bayo buhluka phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-20 imizuzwana.

Kuhlobo lwe-clonic seizure, ukunyanzeliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwesigqi kunye nokuphumla kunokwenzeka kwimisipha echaphazelekayo. Intamo, ubuso kunye nezihlunu zengalo zizona maqela ezihlunu ezichaphazeleka rhoqo kolu hlobo lokuxhuzula. Ukushukuma okwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlutha akukwazi ukumiswa ngokuzithandela.

I-Tonic-clonic seizures ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-grand mal seizures, okuthetha ukugula okukhulu ngesiFrentshi. Olu hlobo lokubanjwa luhlala luhlala phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-1-3, kwaye ukuba luhlala ixesha elide kunemizuzu emi-5, yenye yeemeko eziphuthumayo zonyango ezifuna ukungenelela. Ukuphazamiseka komzimba, ukungcangcazela, ukungakwazi ukulawula izibilini kunye nesinyi, ukuluma ulwimi kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo ziphakathi kweempawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lolu hlobo lokuxhuzula.

Abantu abane-tonic-clonic seizures baziva bedinwe kakhulu emva kokubanjwa kwaye abanayo nayiphi na inkumbulo yexesha lesehlo.

Kwi-atonic seizure, olunye uhlobo lokubanjwa ngokubanzi, abantu bafumana ukulahlekelwa zingqondo ixesha elifutshane. Igama elithi atony libhekisela ekulahlekeni kwethoni yemisipha, okukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kwezihlunu. Xa abantu beqala ukuba nolu hlobo lokuxhuzula, banokuwa phantsi ngequbuliso ukuba bemile. Ubude bexesha lokuxhuzula budla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-15.

Ukuxhuzula kweMyoclonic luhlobo lokuxhuzula okuqhelekileyo oluphawulwa ngokukhawuleza nangokuzenzekela ukuxhuzula emilenzeni nakwizihlunu zengalo. Olu hlobo lokuxhuzula ludla ngokuchaphazela amaqela emisipha kumacala omabini omzimba ngaxeshanye.

Ukungabikho kokuxhuzula, umntu akaphenduli kwaye ukujonga kwabo kuhlala kugxininise kwinqanaba elinye, kwaye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo kwexesha elifutshane kwenzeka. Ixhaphake ngakumbi kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-4-14 kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-petit mal seizures. Ngexesha lokungabikho kokuxhuzula, okuqhelekileyo kuphucuka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-18, iimpawu ezinjengokubetha umlomo, ukuhlafuna, ukufunxa, ukushukuma rhoqo okanye ukuhlamba izandla, kunye nokungcangcazela okufihlakeleyo emehlweni kunokwenzeka.

Inyaniso yokuba umntwana uqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wangoku ngokungathi akukho nto yenzekileyo emva kokubanjwa kwexesha elifutshane kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni ukungabikho kokuxhuzula.

Kukwakho uhlobo lokubanjwa kwe-somatosensory apho kukho ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuntyiloza kwelungu lomzimba. Xa uxhuzula ngokwasengqondweni, iimvakalelo zesiquphe zoloyiko, umsindo okanye uvuyo zinokuvakala. Isenokukhatshwa yimibono ebonwayo okanye yokuva.

Ufunyaniswa njani isifo sokuxhuzula?

Ukufumanisa isifo sokuxhuzula, indlela yokuxhuzula kufuneka ichazwe kakuhle. Ke ngoko, abantu ababona ukubanjwa bayafuneka. Esi sifo silandelwa ngabantwana okanye i-neurologists yabantu abadala. Iimviwo ezifana ne-EEG, i-MRI, i-computed tomography kunye ne-PET inokucelwa ukuba ixilonge isigulane. Uvavanyo lwaselebhu, kuquka novavanyo lwegazi, lunokuba luncedo ukuba iimpawu zokuxhuzula kucingelwa ukuba zibangelwa sisifo.

I-Electroencephalography (EEG) luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuxilongwa kwesifo sokuxhuzula. Ngethuba lolu vavanyo, imisebenzi yombane eyenzeka kwingqondo ingabhalwa ngokubulela kwii-electrode ezahlukeneyo ezibekwe phezu kokakayi. Le misebenzi yombane itolikwa ngugqirha. Ukufunyanwa kwemisebenzi engaqhelekanga eyahlukileyo kweqhelekileyo kunokubonisa ubukho besifo sokuwa kwaba bantu.

I-Computerized tomography (CT) luviwo lweradiyoloji oluvumela umfanekiso onqamlezayo kunye nokuhlolwa kokakayi. Ngombulelo kwi-CT, oogqirha bahlola ingqondo ngokunqamlezayo kwaye babone ama-cysts, amathumba okanye iindawo ezophayo ezinokubangela ukuxhuzula.

I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lolunye uviwo olubalulekileyo lweradiyoloji oluvumela uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwezicubu zobuchopho kwaye luluncedo ekuxilongeni isifo sokuxhuzula. Nge-MRI, izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangela ukukhula kwesifo sokuxhuzula zinokubonwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho.

Kuvavanyo lwe-positron emission tomography (PET), umsebenzi wombane wobuchopho uvavanywa kusetyenziswa iidosi ezisezantsi zemathiriyeli ye-radioactive. Ukulandela ukulawulwa kwale nto nge-vein, i-substance ilinde ukuhamba kwayo kwingqondo kwaye imifanekiso ithathwa ngoncedo lwesixhobo.

Indlela yokuNyanga iSithuthwane?

Unyango lokuxhuzula lwenziwa ngamayeza. Ukuxhuzula kunokuthintelwa kakhulu ngonyango lwamachiza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amayeza okuxhuzula rhoqo ngalo lonke ixesha lonyango. Ngelixa kukho izigulana ezingaphenduliyo kunyango lweziyobisi, kukwakho neentlobo zesifo sokuxhuzula ezinokusonjululwa ngokweminyaka, njengesifo sokuwa kwabantwana. Kukwakho neentlobo zesifo sokuwa. Unyango lotyando lunokusetyenziswa kwizigulane ezingaphenduliyo kunyango lwamachiza.

Maninzi amayeza omxinwa we-antiepileptic anamandla okuthintela ukuxhuzula:

Iziyobisi ze-Antiepileptic ezinezithako ezisebenzayo ze-carbamazepine zinokuba luncedo ekubanjweni kwesifo sokuxhuzula okuvela kummandla wobuchopho ophantsi kwamathambo exeshana (i-lobe yesikhashana). Ekubeni amachiza aqulethe esi sithako esisebenzayo asebenzisana namanye amachiza amaninzi, kubalulekile ukwazisa oogqirha malunga neziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ezinye iimeko zempilo.

Amayeza aqulethe isithako esisebenzayo i-clobazam, i-benzodiazepine derivative, ingasetyenziselwa ukungabikho kunye nokuxhuzula okugxilwe. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kula mayeza, ane-sedative, ukuphucula ukulala kunye nemiphumo yokulwa nokukhathazeka, kukuba anokusetyenziswa nakubantwana abancinci. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe njengeziphumo ezibi kakhulu zolusu, nangona zinqabile, zinokuthi zenzeke emva kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eziqulethe ezi zithako ezisebenzayo.

I-Divalproex liyeza elisebenza kwi-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukungabikho, ukugxila, ukugxila okuyinkimbinkimbi okanye ukuxhuzula okuninzi. Kuba i-GABA iyinto enempembelelo ebuchotsheni, la machiza anokuba luncedo ekulawuleni ukuxhuzula.

Amayeza aqulethe isithako esisebenzayo i-ethosuximide angasetyenziselwa ukulawula konke ukuxhuzula ukungabikho.

Olunye uhlobo lweyeza elisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuxhuzula okugxilwe kuko liyeza eliqulethe into esebenzayo igabapentin. Ulumkiso kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengoko iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi zinokuvela emva kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezine-gabapentin kunamanye amachiza e-antiepileptic.

Amayeza aqulathe i-phenobarbital, elinye lawona mayeza amadala asetyenziswa ukulawula ukuxhuzula, anokuba luncedo ekubambeni okuqhelekileyo, okugxilwe kakhulu kunye ne-tonic-clonic. Isiyezi esigqithisileyo sinokuvela emva kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza aqukethe i-phenobarbital, njengoko ineempembelelo zexesha elide lokuthomalalisa ngaphezu kwe-anticonvulsant (i-seizure-prevention) imiphumo.

Iziyobisi eziqulethe isithako esisebenzayo i-phenytoin lolunye uhlobo lweyeza elizinzisa i-membrane yeeseli ze-nerve kwaye isetyenziswe kunyango lwe-antiepileptic iminyaka emininzi.

Ngaphandle kwala machiza, amachiza abanzi e-antiepileptic anokusetyenziswa kwizigulana ezifumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhuzula kunye kwaye eziphuhla ukuxhuzula ngenxa yokwenziwa kusebenze ngokugqithisileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho:

I-Clonazepam yi-bezodiazepine derivative antiepileptic drug esebenza ixesha elide kwaye inokumiselwa ukukhusela i-myoclonic kunye nokungabikho kokubanjwa.
Amayeza aqulethe isithako esisebenzayo iLamotrigine aphakathi kwamachiza e-antiepileptic abanzi anokuba luncedo kwiindidi ezininzi zokuxhuzula. Isilumkiso kufuneka sisetyenziswe njengemeko yolusu enqabileyo kodwa ebulalayo ebizwa ngokuba yiStevens-Johnson Syndrome inokuthi yenzeke emva kokusetyenziswa kwezi ziyobisi.

Ukuxhuzula okuhlala ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5 okanye okwenzeka ngokulandelelanayo ngaphandle kwexesha elininzi phakathi kuchazwa njengemeko ye-epilepticus. Amayeza aqukethe i-lorazepam, esinye isithako esisebenzayo esivela kwi-benzodiazepines, sinokuba luncedo ekulawuleni olu hlobo lokubanjwa.

Amayeza aqulathe i-levetiracetam enza iqela lechiza elisetyenziswa kunyango lomgca wokuqala wokujolisa, ngokubanzi, ukungabikho okanye ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zokuxhuzula. Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwala machiza, anokusetyenziswa kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka, kukuba abangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunamanye asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuxhuzula.

Ngaphandle kwala machiza, amachiza aqulethe i-valproic acid, esebenza kwi-GABA, aphakathi kwamachiza e-antiepileptic.

Unokuncedwa Njani Umntu Onesifo sokuxhuzula?

Ukuba kukho umntu oxhuzulayo kufutshane nawe, kufuneka:

Okokuqala, hlala uzolile kwaye ubeke isigulana kwindawo engayi kuzenzakalisa. Kungangcono ukuyijikela ecaleni.
Ungazami ukumisa ngamandla ukunyakaza kwaye uvule umhlathi wakhe okanye ukhuphe ulwimi lwakhe.
Khulula izinto zesigulana ezifana namabhanti, amaqhina kunye neeqhiya.
Ungakulinge ukumseza amanzi, angarhaxwa.
Akukho mfuneko yokuvusa umntu oxhuzulayo.

Izinto izigulane zesifo sokuwa kufuneka ziqwalasele:

Thatha amayeza akho ngexesha.
Gcina ikhadi elichaza ukuba unesifo sokuwa.
Kuphephe ukwenza izinto ezifana nokukhwela emithini okanye ukujinga kwiibhalkhoni namathafa.
Musa ukuqubha wedwa.
Musa ukulutshixa ucango lokuhlambela.
Musa ukuhlala phambi kwesibane esihlala sidanyaza, esifana nomabonwakude, ixesha elide.
Unokujima, kodwa ulumkele ukuba ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Kuphephe ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo nokungalali.
Lumka ungabethwa entloko.

Zeziphi iiNzululwazi ezingenakwenza izigulana zeSithuthwane?

Izigulana zokuxhuzula azikwazi ukusebenza kwimisebenzi efana nokuqhuba iinqwelomoya, ukuntywila emanzini, ukuntywila, utyando, ukusebenza ngoomatshini bokusika nokugrumba, ubuchwephesha obufuna ukusebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ukunyuka intaba, ukuqhuba izithuthi, ukucima umlilo, kunye nenkonzo yamapolisa neyomkhosi efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ukongeza, abaguli abaxhuzulayo kufuneka baxelele indawo abasebenza kuyo malunga nemeko yabo enxulumene nesifo.