Yintoni isifo seswekile? Zeziphi iimpawu zesifo seswekile?

Isifo sikashukela , esihamba phambili phakathi kwezifo zeminyaka yethu , luhlobo lwesifo esidlala indima ephambili ekubunjweni kwezifo ezininzi ezibulalayo kwaye zixhaphake kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Igama elipheleleyo lesi sifo, iDiabetes Mellitus, lithetha umchamo oneswekile ngesiGrike. Kubantu abaphilileyo, inqanaba le-glucose yegazi lokuzila liphakathi kwe-70-100 mg / dL. Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngaphezu kolu luhlu ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa isifo seswekile. Isizathu sesi sifo asanelanga okanye singabikho ukuveliswa kwehomoni ye-insulin ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, okanye izicubu zomzimba zingabi namvakalelo kwi-insulin. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesifo seswekile Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwesifo seswekile, oludla ngokubakho kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ukuya kwengama-40, luhlobo lwesi-2 lweswekile . Kwi-Type 2 yeswekile, ekwabizwa ngokuba kukunganyangeki kwe-insulin, nangona ukuveliswa kwe-insulin kwi-pancreas kwanele, ukungabi naluvelwano kule hormone kukhula ngenxa yokuba ii-receptors ezifumanisa ihomoni ye-insulin kwiiseli azisebenzi. Kule meko, iswekile yegazi ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa kwizicubu nge-insulin kwaye inqanaba le-glucose yegazi liphakama ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Le meko ibonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nomlomo owomileyo, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nokutya kakhulu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo imigaqo yonyango kwi-Type 2 yeswekile, eyona nto ibangela izifo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Iswekile yegazi ehlala iphezulu ixesha elide; Kuba ibangela umonakalo osisigxina kuwo wonke umzimba, ngakumbi inkqubo ye-cardiovascular, izintso kunye namehlo, abantu abafunyenwe benesifo seswekile kufuneka bafumane imfundo yesifo seswekile ngokukhawuleza kwaye bahambisane ngokupheleleyo nenkqubo yesondlo evunyiweyo yi-dietitian.

Yintoni isifo seswekile?

Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus, esibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesifo seswekile phakathi koluntu , ngokuqhelekileyo xa izinga le-glucose (iswekile) egazini likhuphuka ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, okubangelwa ubukho beswekile kumchamo, ngokuqhelekileyo akufanele kube neswekile. Isifo seswekile, esineentlobo ezahlukeneyo, siphakathi kwezifo eziqhelekileyo kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezibonelelwe yi-International Diabetes Federation, umntu omnye kwaba-11 unesifo seswekile, kwaye rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-6, umntu omnye uyafa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile.

Zeziphi iimpawu zesifo seswekile?

Isifo seswekile sizibonakalisa ngeempawu ezintathu ezisisiseko kumntu ngamnye. Ezi zingadweliswa njengokutya ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kunye nokuziva unganelisekanga, ukuchama rhoqo, imvakalelo yokoma kunye nobumnandi emlonyeni kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, umnqweno wokusela amanzi amaninzi. Ngaphandle koku, ezinye iimpawu zesifo seswekile ezinokubonwa ebantwini zinokudweliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa
• Ukulahleka kobunzima okukhawulezayo kunye nokungeyonjongo
• Ukubona luzizi
• Ukungakhululeki ngendlela yokuphazamiseka kunye nokubetha ezinyaweni
• Amanxeba aphola kancinci kunesiqhelo
• Ukomisa kwesikhumba kunye nokurhawuzelelwa
• Ivumba elifana ne-acetone emlonyeni

Zeziphi izizathu zesifo seswekile?

Njengomphumo wezifundo ezininzi malunga nezizathu zesifo sikashukela , kuye kwagqitywa ukuba izizathu zofuzo kunye nokusingqongileyo zidlala indima kunye nesifo sikashukela. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zesifo seswekile : Uhlobo lwe-1 yesifo seswekile kunye ne -Type 2 yesifo seswekile Izinto ezibangela isifo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwezi ntlobo. Nangona imiba yemfuza inendima enkulu kunobangela woHlobo loku-1 lwesifo seswekile, iintsholongwane ezonakalisa ilungu le-pancreas, ezivelisa ihomoni ye-insulin ebandakanyekayo ekulawuleni iswekile esegazini, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokhuselo lomzimba zikwaphakathi kwezinto ezibangela isifo. Ukongezelela, oonobangela bohlobo lwesi-2 lweswekile, olulolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwesifo seswekile, banokudweliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukutyeba (Obesity)
• Ukuba nembali yesifo seswekile kubazali
• Ubudala
• Ubomi bokuhlala
• Uxinzelelo
• I-Gestational diabetes ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuzala umntwana onobunzima bokuzalwa obuphezulu kunesiqhelo

Zeziphi iintlobo zesifo seswekile?

Iindidi zesifo seswekile zidweliswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• I-Type 1 Diabetes (Isifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-Insulin): Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile oludla ngokubakho ebuntwaneni, lubangelwa kukungonelanga okanye ukungabikho kwemveliso ye-insulin kwi-pancreas, kwaye kufuna i-insulin yangaphandle.
• I-Type 2 Diabetes: Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile esenzeka ngenxa yeeseli ezingabi naluvelwano kwihomoni ye-insulin, elawula iswekile esegazini.
• I-Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Kubantu Abadala (LADA): Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile esixhomekeke kwi-insulin esifana ne-Type 1 yeswekile, esibonwa kwiminyaka yobudala kwaye sibangelwa yi-autoimmune (umzimba uyazenzakalisa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba).
• I-Maturity Onset Diabetes (MODY): Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile esifana ne-Type 2 yeswekile ebonwa kwasebancinci.
• IGestational Diabetes: Uhlobo lwesifo seswekile esikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Ngaphandle kweentlobo zesifo seswekile ezikhankanywe ngasentla , ixesha le-pre-diabetes, elibizwa ngokuba yi -latent diabetes , lixesha ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwe -Type 2 yeswekile, xa iswekile yegazi idla ngokunyuka kancinane ngaphandle kokuba iphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuxilonga isifo seswekile, kwaye ukubunjwa kwesifo seswekile kunokuthintelwa okanye kuncitshiswe ngonyango oluchanekileyo kunye nokutya ligama elinikiweyo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zesifo seswekile ludidi loku-1 lwesifo seswekile kunye noHlobo lwesi-2 lwesifo seswekile .

Sifunyaniswa njani isifo seswekile?

Iimvavanyo ezimbini ezisisiseko ezisetyenziswayo ekuxilongeni isifo seswekile kukuzila ukutya komlinganiselo weswekile yegazi kunye noVavanyo lwe-Oral Glucose Tolerance (OGTT), eyaziwa ngokuba luvavanyo lomthwalo weswekile. Kubantu abanempilo, amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngokukhawuleza ayahluka phakathi kwe-70-100 mg / Dl ngokomyinge. Izinga leshukela legazi lokuzila ukutya ngaphezu kwe-126 mg / Dl lanele ukuxilonga isifo sikashukela. Ukuba eli xabiso liphakathi kwe-100-126 mg / Dl, i-postprandial iswekile yegazi iphandwa ngokufaka i-OGTT kumntu ngamnye. Njengomphumo wokulinganisa iswekile yegazi kwiiyure ze-2 emva kokuqala kokutya, izinga le-glucose yegazi ngaphezu kwe-200 mg / Dl luphawu lwesifo sikashukela, kunye nenqanaba le-glucose yegazi phakathi kwe-140-199 mg / Dl luphawu lwe-pre-diabetes. ixesha, ebizwa ngokuba pre-diabetes. Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwe-HbA1C, olubonisa inqanaba leswekile yegazi malunga neenyanga ezi-3 zokugqibela, ukuba liphezulu kune-7% libonisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo seswekile.

Abantu abanesifo seswekile kufuneka batye njani?

Abantu abanesifo seswekile badla ngokulandela ukutya okukhethekileyo. Ukutya kwesifo seswekile okanye ukutya kweswekile kuthetha ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwimilinganiselo ephakathi kunye nokunamathela kumaxesha okutya aqhelekileyo. Ukutya okunempilo okutyebileyo ngokwemvelo kwizondlo kunye namafutha aphantsi kunye neekhalori kufuneka kukhethwe ekutyeni kwezigulane ezinesifo seswekile. Eyona nto iphambili ziziqhamo nemifuno kunye neenkozo. Enyanisweni, isondlo seswekile sinokuba sesona sicwangciso sesondlo esihle kubantu abaninzi. Ukuba unesifo sikashukela okanye i-prediabetes, ugqirha wakho uya kuncoma ukuba ubone i-dietitian ukukunceda ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokutya esinempilo. Oku kutya kunokukunceda ukulawula iswekile yegazi (i-glucose), ukulawula ubunzima bakho, kunye nokulawula izinto ezinobungozi besifo senhliziyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namafutha aphezulu egazi. Ukulawula rhoqo kubalulekile kwisifo seswekile. Iswekile ifuna ukujongwa rhoqo kwezempilo njengoko inokubangela ezinye izifo ezininzi. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ukutya kodwa nokuhlolwa rhoqo kuya kubaluleka kakhulu kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile, njengoko kuchaziwe kwimpendulo yombuzo wendlela yokwenza uhlolo.

Kutheni le nto ukutya kubalulekile kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile?

Xa usebenzisa iikhalori ezongezelelweyo kunye namafutha, oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kweemfuno zakho zekhalori zemihla ngemihla, umzimba wakho udala ukunyuka okungafunekiyo kwishukela egazini. Ukuba iswekile yegazi ayigcinwanga phantsi kolawulo, kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu ezifana namazinga aphezulu eswekile yegazi (hyperglycemia), kwaye ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, kunokubangela iingxaki zexesha elide ezifana nomonakalo we-nerve, izintso kunye nentliziyo. Unokunceda ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo ngokwenza ukhetho lokutya okunempilo kunye nokubeka iliso kwindlela otya ngayo. Kubantu abaninzi abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, ukunciphisa umzimba kunokukwenza kube lula ukulawula iswekile yegazi kwaye unikeze inani lezinye izibonelelo zempilo. Ngesi sizathu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukufumana uncedo kutyando lokutyeba kakhulu kwaye ubhenele kwiindlela ezinje ngebhaluni yesisu esiginywayo kunye nomkhono wesisu ukuba ugqirha ubona kuyimfuneko.

Yintoni Iswekile Efihliweyo?

Iswekile efihliweyo ligama elidumileyo phakathi koluntu. Izinga leswekile yegazi lomntu liphezulu kunokuba lifanele ukuba njalo, kodwa alikho kuluhlu oluphezulu olunokugqalwa njengesifo seswekile. Amaxabiso afunyenwe ngenxa yohlalutyo olwenziwe kwizigulana ezinjalo azikho kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayikho phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba unesifo seswekile se-2. Kwezi meko, ukuxilongwa kwezonyango kwisifo seswekile esifihlakeleyo kwenziwa. Nangona abanesifo seswekile abangekafumani ngqalelo bengagqalwa njengesifo seswekile, bangabantu abanesifo seswekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izilumkiso eziyimfuneko kwizigulana ezifunyaniswe zine-prediabetes njengoko zikwiqela elinomngcipheko omkhulu.

Zeziphi iimpawu zesifo seswekile esiLatent?

Nangona ukuxilongwa kwesifo seswekile esifihliweyo kuhlolwa ngokujonga indlala kunye nemilinganiselo yokuhlutha, kukho izizathu ezithile ezizisa izigulane kweli nqanaba. Umahluko kwindlela umntu avakalelwa ngayo unokuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba kukho isifo seswekile esifihlakeleyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kule mahluko yindlala nokutya ngokukhawuleza. Kuyaqatshelwa ukuba abantu abanesifo seswekile abangekafiki babonisa iimpawu zesifo seswekile ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yesimo sabo seswekile. Ingakumbi ukunganyamezeli indlala kunye noxinzelelo lwenzeka kwizigulana ezinesifo seswekile. Njengoko kunokubonwa kumahluko wokuzila ukutya kunye namanqanaba eswekile yegazi emva kokutya, ukungalingani kwishukela legazi kunokuvela ngeengxaki zokutya okumnandi. Nangona singaziboni ezi ngxaki kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, zinokusinika imiqondiso emincinci. Kwakhona, iimeko ezifana nokulala, ukukhathala kunye nobuthathaka emva kokutya iinkcukacha ezinokuthi zenzeke nakubani na. Kodwa ukuba kungenxa yeswekile efihliweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuziva uhlukile kancinci. Ukuba ufumana oku kungaqiniseki okanye awuqinisekanga, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ubone ugqirha. Enye yeempawu eziqinisekileyo ze-prediabetes yile buthathaka kunye nokulala. Emva kokutya, ukukhathala kubonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuthongo buqala.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango lwesifo seswekile?

Iindlela zokunyanga isifo seswekile ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo. Kuhlobo loku-1 lweswekile, unyango lwesondlo sonyango kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngononophelo kunye nonyango lwe-insulin. Ukutya kwesigulana kucwangciswa yi-dietitian ngokwedosi ye-insulin kunye nesicwangciso esicetyiswa ngugqirha. Ubomi babantu abanesifo seswekile soHlobo loku-1 bunokwenziwa lula kakhulu ngokubalwa kwekhabhohayidrethi, apho idosi ye-insulin inokulungiswa ngokwesixa secarbohydrates equlethwe ekutyeni. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, unyango ngokubanzi lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zomlomo ze-antidiabetic ukwandisa uvakalelo lweeseli kwi-hormone ye-insulin okanye ukwandisa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhululwa kwehomoni ye-insulin, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ulawulo lwesondlo.

Ukuba izinto ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe kwisifo sikashukela kunye nemigaqo yonyango ecetyiswayo ayilandelwa, amazinga aphezulu eshukela egazi akhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi zempilo, ngakumbi i-neuropathy (umonakalo we-nerve), i-nephropathy (umonakalo kwizintso) kunye ne-retinopathy (umonakalo kwi-eye retina). Ngoko ke, ukuba ungumntu onesifo seswekile, musa ukulibala ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo.