Yintoni uMhlaza wesinyi? Zeziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi?

Umhlaza wesinyi, lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza kwinkqubo yomchamo emva komhlaza wedlala lesinyi, luxhaphake ngokuphindwe kane kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini.

Olu hlobo lomhlaza, oluxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, lunokubonwa nakubudala obuphantsi kakhulu kumazwe apho kuxhaphake ukutshaya.

Sithetha Ntoni Isinyi?

Isinyi, esaziwa ngokuba sisinyi sokuchama okanye isinyi somchamo, sikwindawo esezantsi yesisu kwaye lilungu elingqukuva apho umchamo uqokelelana khona.

Udonga lwesinyi luqukethe imicu yemisipha edibeneyo kunye nengaqhelekanga kunye nesakhiwo se-elastic.

Isinyi se-urinary, esifana nebhaluni encinci, sinokukhula njengoko umchamo uqokelelana, ngenxa yemicu yezihlunu ezikuyo.

Izintso zisebenzisa imijelo emincinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-ureters ukususa i-toxins emzimbeni emva kokuyicoca egazini.

Umchamo ufika esinyini ngemijelo emincinci kwaye ugcinwe apho de ukhutshelwe ngaphandle komzimba. Emva kokuba umthamo waso ugcwele, isinyi siyawukhupha umchamo emzimbeni nge-urethra.

Yintoni uMhlaza wesinyi?

Umhlaza wesinyi luhlobo lomhlaza obakho ngenxa yokukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli zesinyi.

Isinyi lilungu apho umchamo ugcinwa kwaye ukhutshwa. Umhlaza wesinyi udla ngokuqala kumaleko angaphakathi kudonga lwesinyi kwaye emva koko unwenwele kwezinye iileya zesinyi kunye nezicubu ezisingqongileyo.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi ziquka;

• Umnqweno rhoqo wokuchama,
• Ukutshisa okanye ukubetha xa uchama,
• Umchamo onegazi,
• Iimpawu ezifana nokusuleleka rhoqo kumchamo zifunyenwe.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zinokunxulunyaniswa nezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ngoko ke, kwimeko yokukrokra umhlaza wesinyi, kuyimfuneko ukudibana nodokotela kuqala.

Izintso, ezibekwe ngasemva kwingingqi yesisu somzimba, zibekwe ngokulinganayo ngasekunene nangasekhohlo kwindawo ephezulu yesinqe.

Umntu ophilileyo unezintso ezi-2. Izintso zasekunene zisecaleni kwesibindi kunye ne-duodenum ngaphambili, i-adrenal glands ngaphezulu, kunye namathumbu amakhulu ngaphantsi.

Intso yasekhohlo ikufuphi nesisu kunye namathumbu amancinci ngaphambili, kunye ne-adrenal glands, i-spleen kunye ne-pancreas phezulu. Izintso zihluza umchamo ngemijelo emincinci kwaye ziwuthumele kwisinyi.

Zeziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi?

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi zinokuvela kwiimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezaziwayo zomhlaza wesinyi zezi:

• Ukuziva kunzima ngexesha lokuchama.
• Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuncipha kwi-frequency yokuchama.
• Ukuphuma komchamo okwethutyana ngelixa uchama.
• Ukuchama okubuhlungu kunye neentlungu emazantsi esisu.
• Intlungu kwindawo ye-pelvic.
• Ukuziva ungaphumli xa uchama.
• Ukuba nemvakalelo eqhubekayo ngelixa uchama.
• Umlilo,
• Ubuthathaka,
• Iimpawu ezinjengokuncipha kobunzima ziimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kwizigaba eziphambili zomhlaza.

Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesinyi ligazi emchameni. Oku kopha, okubizwa ngokuba yi-hematuria, kusenokuba luphawu lokwenzakala kwesinyi.

Uphawu lokuphuma kwegazi kumchamo, olungahambelani nentlungu, aluqhubeki kwaye lunokuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza kolu phawu, iimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokuchama, amahlwili egazi kumchamo, nokutshisa xa uchama kusenokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesinyi.

Zonke ezi mpawu ziphakathi kweempawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesinyi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa ziingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo.

Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukubonisana nodokotela ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango.

Ngawaphi amaNqanaba oMhlaza wesinyi?

Izigaba zomhlaza wesinyi yinkqubo yokuhlela esetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza kunye neendlela zonyango.

Ukulinganisa kugqiba ukuba umhlaza uqhube kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani kwiithishu ezingqongileyo.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wesinyi zezi:

Inqanaba 0: Iiseli zomhlaza zifumaneka kuphela kumphezulu wesinyi kwaye zilinganiselwe kumaleko angaphakathi wesinyi. Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza awukanwenweli kudonga lwesinyi.

Inqanaba 1: Umhlaza usasazeke nzulu kunomaleko ongaphakathi wodonga lwesinyi, kodwa kuphela kumaleko wezihlunu sesinyi. Ayikasasazeka kwii-lymph nodes okanye amanye amalungu.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Umhlaza unwenwele ukuya okanye ngaphaya komaleko wezihlunu zesinyi. Kodwa ayikasasazeka kwii-lymph nodes okanye amanye amalungu.

Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kodonga lwesinyi ukuya kwizicubu ezijikelezileyo okanye ii-lymph nodes. Kodwa umhlaza usavalelwe kumalungu akufutshane anje ngeendonga ze-pelvic, i-prostate, isibeleko okanye ubufazi.

Inqanaba lesi-4: Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza uye wanwenwa ngaphandle kwesinyi kwaye uye wadibana namalungu akude okanye i-lymph nodes.

Iseli yomhlaza ikweli nqanaba; Isasazeka emathanjeni, emiphungeni, esibindini okanye kwamanye amalungu akude.

Ukuma kumhlaza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni iindlela zonyango ngokuvavanya ubungakanani bokusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Unyango lomhlaza okhoyo; Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaza, imeko yempilo yesigulane kunye nezinye izinto.

Inqanaba lomhlaza wesinyi 1 Iimpawu

Kwinqanaba loku-1 lomhlaza wesinyi, iiseli zomhlaza zilinganiselwe kumaleko angaphakathi wodonga lwesinyi. Ngoko ke, iimpawu zisenokungabonakali maxa wambi. Ukongeza kuzo zonke ezi, ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iingxaki zesinyi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesinyi Inqanaba loku-1 zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukutshisa okanye ukuhlaba xa uchama
• Umchamo onegazi
• Ukuchama rhoqo
• Ukosuleleka rhoqo kumchamo
• Ubunzima bokuchama

Ezi mpawu ziimpawu ezinokubonwa kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wesinyi. Nangona kunjalo, akulunganga ukudibanisa ezi mpawu kuphela nomhlaza wesinyi.

Ezi mpawu zinokuthi zenzeke ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukudibana nodokotela ukuze ufumane unobangela weempawu.

Yintoni elungileyo kuMhlaza wesinyi?

Alukho unyango oluthile lomhlaza wesinyi. Kodwa kweli nqanaba, indlela yokuphila enempilo kunye nemikhwa ethile yesondlo inceda ukuthintela kunye nokunyanga umhlaza.

Ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zinokunikwa kumbuzo wokuba yintoni elungileyo kumhlaza wesinyi:

Ukuzilolonga rhoqo

Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kukhusela impilo jikelele kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza.

Ukutya okunokulinganisela

Ukutya okutyebileyo ngezondlo ezifana nemifuno, iziqhamo, iinkozo, namafutha asempilweni yenye yeendlela ezinokukhusela umzimba kumhlaza.

Ukunqanda ukutshaya nokuSetywa kotywala

Ukutshaya kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza wesinyi. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ungatshayi kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kotywala.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi

Ukusela izixa ezaneleyo zamanzi kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi. Icoca i-urinary tract kwaye inceda ukususa izinto ezinobungozi emzimbeni.

UGqirha Uhlola

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha kunye nokuhlolwa komhlaza kwandisa amathuba okuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango.

Ulawulo loxinzelelo

Ukufunda kunye nokuziqhelanisa neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokumelana noxinzelelo kuphucula impilo yomntu kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza.

Unyango xa umhlaza wesinyi ufunyaniswa; Iquka iindlela ezifana nokungenelela kokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy kunye ne-immunotherapy.

Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kolu nyango, kubalulekile ukwamkela indlela yokuphila enempilo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwindlela yokutya.

Yintoni Ithumba Esinyi?

Ithumba lesinyi, elikhula ngakumbi ngenxa yokwanda okulawulekayo kweeseli kumphezulu ongaphakathi wesinyi, kubangela ukuba kubekho ubunzima kwi-urinary bladder. Zintathu iindidi zomhlaza wesinyi;

• Uropithelial carcinoma: Ludidi lomhlaza obonwa kwiiseli ezigudle udonga lwesinyi.
• I-squamous epithelial cell carcinoma: Luhlobo lomhlaza owenzeka kwiiseli ze-squamous epithelial zesinye ezichanabeke kusulelo lwexesha elide okanye ukucaphuka.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Luhlobo lomhlaza obonwa kwiiseli ezifihlakeleyo zesinyi. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokwanda okungaqhelekanga kweeseli ezijongene ne-mucus eludongeni lwesinyi.

Zeziphi izizathu zoMhlaza wesinyi?

Abona nobangela babini babalulekileyo bomhlaza wesinyi kukutshaya nokuba sesichengeni semichiza.

Imichiza ekwicuba ingena egazini, ihluzwe kwizintso, ize ithabathe indawo yawo kumchamo oqokelelwe esinyini.

Ezi zinto ziphazamisa ukwakheka kweeseli apha kwaye zonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza. Ukongeza, usulelo lwesinyi kunye neziyobisi zechemotherapy zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesinyi.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wesinyi?

Xa ukopha komchamo, kurhanelwa umhlaza wesinyi kwaye unobangela wokopha umiselwa ngokuyintloko ngeendlela zokucinga.

Eyona ndlela iphumeleleyo ekufumaneni ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesinyi yi-cystoscopy.

Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuthatha iisampulu kwizicubu ezikrokrelayo kwindlela ye-cystoscopy, apho ingaphakathi le-bladder libonwa ngesixhobo esincinci esikhanyayo esisetyenziswe kwindlela yomchamo.

Ngelo xesha, naziphi na izakhiwo ze-tumor kwi-bladder zinokucocwa ngexesha le nkqubo.

Unyangwa Njani Umhlaza WeSinyi?

Unyango lomhlaza wesinyi lwenziwa ngokwenqanaba lesi sifo, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwethumba.

Iiseli zomhlaza ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezenziwe kumphezulu wodonga lwesinyi zinokususwa yi-TUR (ukususwa kwethumba ngendlela evaliweyo) unyango oludityaniswe ne-cystoscopy.

Kubalulekile ukulandela le nkqubo ngamaxesha athile emva koko. Amayeza nawo anokunikezelwa kwiithishu zethumba ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngexesha lenkqubo yeTUR.

Kunyango lomhlaza oqhubela phambili kwizicubu ze-muscle kodwa awusasazeki kwezinye izicubu, ukususwa kwesinyi kuyafuneka.

Ngale nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-radical cystectomy, isinyi, ii-lymph nodes ezingqongileyo kunye ne-prostate ziyasuswa.

Isinyi esitsha senziwa kusetyenziswa amathumbu amancinci ukugcina umchamo. Unyango ngeradio kunye nechemotherapy iyenziwa kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza wesinyi.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga noMhlaza wesinyi

Zeziphi izinto eziseMngciphekweni woMhlaza wesinyi?

Izinto ezinobungozi bomhlaza wesinyi ziquka; Ukutshaya, ukwaluphala, isini samadoda, ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali, imbali yentsapho yomhlaza wesinyi, usulelo olungapheliyo lomchamo, amayeza athile, kunye nonyango lwemitha zibalaseleyo.

Lwenziwa njani uTyando loMhlaza wesinyi?

Utyando lomhlaza wesinyi lwenziwa ngeendlela ezifana ne-transurethral resection (TUR), partial cystectomy, kunye ne-radical cystectomy. Uhlobo lotyando luchongwa linqanaba lomhlaza kunye nemeko yempilo yomntu. Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kotyando kunye nonyango olulandelelweyo nako kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaba umhlaza wesinyi uyabulala?

Umhlaza wesinyi sisifo esinyangekayo xa sixilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olululo. Noko ke, olu hlobo lomhlaza lunokubulala ukuba ufunyaniswe sele ukwinqanaba eliphezulu okanye uyekiwe unganyangwa. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuphila.

Zeziphi iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi kwabasetyhini?

Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi kwabasetyhini ziyafana nezo zamadoda. Phakathi kwezi mpawu; Oku kuquka ukuchama rhoqo, ukutshisa okanye iintlungu xa uchama, umchamo onegazi, ukusuleleka rhoqo kumchamo, ubunzima bokuchama, kunye neentlungu kwindawo ye-pelvic.