Yintoni isifo se-ALS? Iimpawu kunye nenkqubo

Yintoni isifo se-ALS? Iimpawu kunye nenkqubo
I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, okanye i-ALS, liqela elinqabileyo lezifo ze-neurological ezibangelwa ngokuyinhloko kumonakalo kwiiseli ze-nerve ezijongene nokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha yokuzithandela. Izihlunu zokuzithandela zinoxanduva lweentshukumo ezifana nokuhlafuna, ukuhamba kunye nokuthetha.

Yintoni isifo se-ALS?

I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, okanye i-ALS, liqela elinqabileyo lezifo ze-neurological ezibangelwa ngokuyinhloko kumonakalo kwiiseli ze-nerve ezijongene nokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha yokuzithandela. Izihlunu zokuzithandela zinoxanduva lweentshukumo ezifana nokuhlafuna, ukuhamba kunye nokuthetha. Isifo se-ALS siyakhula kwaye iimpawu zidla ngokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Namhlanje, akukho zikhetho zonyango zokumisa ukuqhubeka kwe-ALS okanye ukubonelela ngonyango olupheleleyo, kodwa uphando ngalo mbandela luyaqhubeka.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-ALS?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-ALS zizibonakalisa ngokwahlukileyo kwizigulane ezahlukeneyo. Ngoxa omnye umntu enokuba nengxaki yokubamba ipeni okanye ikomityi yekofu, omnye umntu unokuba nengxaki yokuthetha. I-ALS sisifo esikhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

Izinga lokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo lihluka kakhulu kwisigulane ukuya kwisigulana. Nangona umlinganiselo wexesha lokusinda kwizigulane ze-ALS yiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5, izigulane ezininzi zinokuphila iminyaka eli-10 okanye ngaphezulu.

Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kwi-ALS zezi:

  • Ukukhubeka xa uhamba,
  • Ubunzima bokuthwala izinto,
  • Ukungakwazi ukuthetha,
  • Iingxaki zokuginya,
  • I-Cramps kunye nokuqina kwimisipha,
  • Ubunzima bokugcina intloko ime nkqo bungadweliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

I-ALS inokuchaphazela isandla esinye ekuqaleni. Okanye usenokuba nengxaki ngomlenze omnye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhamba kumgca othe tye. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, phantse zonke izihlunu ozilawulayo zichatshazelwa sesi sifo. Amanye amalungu, anjengentliziyo nezihlunu zesinyi, ahlala esempilweni ngokupheleleyo.

Njengoko i-ALS iya isiba mandundu, izihlunu ezininzi ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu zesi sifo. Iimpawu eziphambili zesi sifo ziquka:

  • Ubuthathaka obunzima kwizihlunu,
  • Ukunciphisa ubunzima bemisipha,
  • Kukho iimpawu ezifana nokunyuka kokuhlafuna kunye neengxaki zokuginya.

Ngabaphi oonobangela be-ALS?

Esi sifo sizuzwa kubazali kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10% yamatyala, ngelixa kwezinye akukho sizathu esaziwayo esinokufunyanwa. Unobangela onokwenzeka kweli qela lezigulana:

Ukuguquka kwemfuza . Uguqulo lwemfuza olwahlukeneyo lunokukhokelela kwi-ALS yofuzo, nto leyo ebangela iimpawu eziphantse zifane nezingazufuza.

Ukungalingani kweekhemikhali . Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-glutamate, efumaneka kwingqondo kunye nemisebenzi yokuthwala imiyalezo yeekhemikhali, ifunyenwe kubantu abane-ALS. Uphando lubonise ukuba i-glutamate engaphezulu ibangela umonakalo kwiiseli ze-nerve.

I-Dysregulated immune response . Maxa wambi amajoni omzimba womntu anokuhlasela iiseli eziqhelekileyo zomzimba wakhe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.

Ukuqokelelana okungaqhelekanga kweeproteni . Iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zezinye iiproteni kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ziqokelelana ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphakathi kwiseli kwaye zonakalise iiseli.


Ifunyaniswa njani i-ALS?

Esi sifo kunzima ukuxilonga kwizigaba zokuqala; kuba iimpawu zinokulinganisa ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo. Ezinye iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ezinye iimeko:

  • I-Electromyogram (EMG)
  • Uphononongo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo
  • Umfanekiso wemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
  • I-Lumbar puncture (inkqubo yokususa ulwelo kwintambo yomgogodla ngokufaka inaliti esinqeni)
  • Biopsy yemisipha

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-ALS?

Unyango alukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo owenziwe sesi sifo; kodwa inokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kweempawu, ukuthintela iingxaki, kwaye wenze isigulane sikhululeke kwaye sizimele Unyango lufuna iqela elidibeneyo loogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshwe kwiindawo ezininzi. Oku kunokwandisa ubomi bakho kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho. Iindlela ezifana namayeza ahlukeneyo, unyango lomzimba kunye nokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo, unyango lwentetho, izongezo zesondlo, unyango lwenkxaso yengqondo kunye nentlalo yoluntu lusetyenziswa kunyango.

Kukho amachiza amabini ahlukeneyo, i-Riluzole kunye ne-Edaravone, evunywe yi-FDA kunyango lwe-ALS. I-Riluzole icothisa ukukhula kwesi sifo kwabanye abantu. Ifikelela esi siphumo ngokunciphisa amanqanaba omthunywa wekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamate, edla ngokufumaneka kumanqanaba aphezulu ebuchotsheni babantu abane-ALS. I-Riluzole liyeza elithathwa ngomlomo likwimo yepilisi. I-Edaravone inikwa isigulana ngomthambo kwaye inokubangela iziphumo ezibi. Ukongeza kula mayeza mabini, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma amayeza ahlukeneyo ukuze anciphise iimpawu ezinje nge-cramps ye-muscle, ukuqhina, ukudinwa, ukutyumza okugqithisileyo, iingxaki zokulala kunye nokudandatheka.