XHYintoni isiphene ekufundeni?
Ukukhubazeka kokufunda ; Ubunzima bokusebenzisa izakhono zokumamela, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuqiqa, ukusombulula iingxaki okanye imathematika. Kukwabangela ukuba umntu abe nobunzima bokugcina, ukucubungula kunye nokuvelisa ulwazi. Nangona ibonwa rhoqo ebantwaneni, iziphene zokufunda zikwabonwa nakubantu abadala. Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokungaphawulwa enoba umntu unesiphene ekufundeni okanye akanaso, yaye umntu usenokuphila ubomi bakhe naso.
Iimpawu zokukhubazeka ekufundeni
Iimpawu zasenkulisa:
- Ukulibaziseka okukhulu ekuqaliseni ukuthetha,
- Ubunzima okanye ukucotha ekubizeni amagama nokufunda amagama amatsha,
- Ukucotha kuphuhliso lweentshukumo zeemoto (umzekelo, ubunzima bokubopha izihlangu okanye ukuqhobosha amaqhosha, ubudoda)
Iimpawu zesikolo samabanga aphantsi:
- Ubunzima bokufunda ukufunda, ukubhala kunye namanani,
- Iimpawu zemathematika ezibhidayo (umzekelo "+" endaweni ka "x"),
- Ukufunda amagama umva (umz. "kunye" endaweni yokuthi "indlu")
- Ukwala ukufunda ngokuvakalayo nokubhala,
- Ubunzima bokufunda ixesha,
- Ukungakwazi ukwahlula iikhonsepthi zendlela (ekunene-ekhohlo, emantla-emazantsi),
- Ukucotha ekufundeni izakhono ezitsha,
- Kunzima ukwenza abahlobo,
- Ungawulibali umsebenzi wakho wasekhaya,
- Andazi ukuba kufuneka isebenze njani,
- Ubunzima bokuqonda imbonakalo yobuso kunye neentshukumo zomzimba.
- Wonke umntwana oneziphene zokufunda wahlukile kwaye akanazo iimpawu ezifanayo. Ke ngoko, uphononongo oluneenkcukacha luyafuneka ukuchonga iimpawu kunye nokwenza uxilongo.
Yintoni ebangela isiphene ekufundeni?
Nangona unobangela wokukhubazeka kokufunda ungaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, uphando lubonisa ukuba lunxulumene nokwahlukana kokusebenza kwisakhiwo sobuchopho. Lo mahluko ngowokuzalwa kunye nelifa. Ukuba abazali banembali efanayo okanye ukuba omnye wabantakwabo unengxaki yokufunda, amathuba okuba ngomnye umntwana nawo ayanda. Kwezinye iimeko, ingxaki eyenzeka ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa (ezifana nokusetyenziswa kotywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukungabikho kweoksijini, ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili okanye ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi) kusenokuba ngunobangela wokukhubazeka ekufundeni. Akufanele ilityalwe ukuba ubunzima bezoqoqosho, imiba yokusingqongileyo okanye iyantlukwano ngokwenkcubeko ayibangeli ubunzima bokufunda.
Ukuxilongwa kokukhubazeka kokufunda
Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwenziwa yingcali, ithathela ingqalelo imbali yokuzalwa komntwana, iimpawu zophuhliso, ukusebenza kwesikolo kunye neempawu zentlalo nenkcubeko yentsapho. Ifunyenwe phantsi kwegama elithi Specific Learning Disorder kwi-DSM 5, epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association kwaye ingumthombo wokumisela iindlela zokuxilonga. Ngokwemiqathango yokuxilonga, ubunzima ekufundeni nasekusebenziseni izakhono zesikolo, njengoko kuboniswe kubukho ubuncinane enye yezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka ukuba kuqhubeke ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-6 nangona kukho iindlela zokungenelela eziyimfuneko;
- Ukufunda amagama ngokungalunganga okanye ngokucotha kakhulu kwaye kufuna umgudu,
- Ubunzima bokuqonda intsingiselo yoko kufundwayo,
- Ubunzima bokuthetha nokubhala ileta ngeleta,
- Ubunzima bokuvakalisa okubhaliweyo,
- Ukubona amanani, iinyani zamanani, okanye ubunzima bokubala
- Ubunzima bokuqiqa ngamanani.
Ukukhubazeka kokuFunda okuKhethekileyo; Ikwahlulahlulwe yaba zii-subtypes ezintathu: ukuphazamiseka kokufunda (dyslexia), ukuphazamiseka kwezibalo (dyscalculia) kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentetho ebhaliweyo (dysgraphia). Iintlobo ezincinci zinokuvela kunye okanye ngokwahlukeneyo.
Lunyangwa njani ukukhubazeka kokufunda?
Inyathelo lokuqala xa uqala unyango yi-psycho-education. Unyango lwemfundo kusapho, ootitshala kunye nomntwana lubaluleke kakhulu malunga nokwenza intsingiselo yemeko kunye nokumisela ukuba yeyiphi indlela emayilandelwe. Kwithuba elilandelayo, kufuneka kulungiselelwe inkqubo ekhethekileyo yemfundo nongenelelo eya kuqhubeka ngaxeshanye ekhaya nasesikolweni.
Umntwana oneziphene zokufunda ufanele kujongwe njani naye ekhaya?
Bonke abantwana bafuna uthando, inkxaso kunye nenkuthazo. Abantwana abaneziphene ekufundeni bazifuna zonke ezi zinto ngakumbi. Njengabazali, eyona njongo iphambili ayifanele ibe kukunyanga iziphene zokufunda, kodwa kukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo zentlalo nangokweemvakalelo xa bejamelene nobunzima abaya kuhlangabezana nabo. Ukugxininisa ekuziphatheni okuhle komntwana ekhaya kunceda ukuphuhlisa ukuzithemba kwakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, umntwana ufunda indlela yokujamelana neemeko ezinzima, uba namandla kwaye ukunyamezela kwakhe kwanda. Abantwana bafunda ngokubona nangomzekelo. Isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sabazali kunye neengqondo ezihlekisayo zitshintsha imbono yomntwana kwaye zincede kwinkqubo yonyango.
Kufuneka kuthethwe njani nomntwana oneziphene esikolweni?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana nokunxibelelana nesikolo. Ngale ndlela, kuqinisekiswa ukuba ootitshala bayamazi umntwana kwaye benze ngokweemfuno zabo. Umntwana ngamnye uneendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuphumelela okanye ubunzima. Ezi zintlukwano zizibonakalisa kwiindawo ezibonakalayo, ezivakalayo, ezithintekayo okanye zekinesthetic (intshukumo). Ukuvavanya indawo apho umntwana aphuhliswa khona kwaye enze ngokufanelekileyo kunceda inkqubo yonyango. Kubantwana abanombono oqinileyo, iincwadi, iividiyo okanye amakhadi anokusetyenziswa. Kubantwana abanengqiqo engqongqo yokuva, isifundo sinokurekhodwa ngelizwi ukuze basiphinde ekhaya. Ukubakhuthaza ukuba basebenze nabahlobo nako kunokunceda inkqubo. Umzekelo, kumntwana onengxaki yokufunda amanani kwiingxaki zemathematika, iindawo apho umntwana alungile zinokuvavanywa kwaye zandiswe nezisombululo ezinjengokubhala phantsi iingxaki kunye nokuzisa kuye.
Iingcebiso kwiintsapho
- Gxininisa kwizinto ezintle zomntwana wakho,
- Musa ukukhawulela umntwana wakho kwimpumelelo yesikolo kuphela,
- Mkhuthaze ukuba ahlole iindawo ezahlukeneyo apho anokuphumelela khona (njengomculo okanye imidlalo),
- Nciphisa ulindelo lwakho kwinto abanokuyenza,
- Nika iingcaciso ezilula neziqondakalayo,
- Khumbula ukuba wonke umntwana wahlukile.