Ziziphi iingozi zokutshaya?

Imidiza, ekwindawo yokuqala phakathi kwemveliso yecuba esetyenziswa rhoqo ehlabathini lonke, yenye yemikhwa eyingozi kakhulu ebangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 nyaka ngamnye.

Ukusetyenziswa komdiza ngunobangela wokuqala wezifo ezinokuthintelwa nezingosuleliyo kunye nokufa okunxulumene nezi zifo kwihlabathi liphela. Kukho iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-7000 kumsi wecuba, amakhulu azo anetyhefu kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-70 awo anomhlaza ngokuthe ngqo.

Izinto ezininzi eziyingozi ezinje ngecadmium esetyenziswa kwimveliso yebhetri, igesi yemethane efunyenwe kwisixa esikhulu kwimigxobhozo, iarsenic esetyenziswa kushishino lwemichiza kwaye iyaziwa ngeziphumo zayo eziyityhefu, inikotini esetyenziswa kwimveliso yezitshabalalisi, igesi yecarbon monoxide enoxanduva lwesitovu kunye netyhefu yesifudumezi samanzi, kwaye i-ammonia esetyenziswa kushishino lwepeyinti ifunxwa ngokuthe ngqo emzimbeni ngumsi wecuba.

Phakathi kwezi khemikhali ziyityhefu ezineziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-nicotine, esetyenziswa njengesibulali-zinambuzane, nayo inefuthe elinamandla elivuselelayo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ngenxa yolu phawu lwe-nicotine, abatshayayo bahlakulela umlutha wengqondo kunye nomzimba kwi-nicotine ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Yintoni iCigarette Addiction?

Ukukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi kuchazwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ngokuthi umntu ubona into esebenza kwengqondo ayisebenzisayo njengexabiseke ngakumbi kunezinye izinto ebezixatyiswe ngaphambili kunye nezinto asuke afuna ngazo kwaye unika loo nto iphambili kakhulu” kwaye inokushwankathelwa njengelahleko yomntu. yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi na into.

Umlutha weNicotine, okwaziwa ngokuba likhoboka lecuba, uchazwa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi njengokusebenzisa icuba eli-1 ngosuku rhoqo”. Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine, enemiphumo evuselelayo kwinkqubo ye-nervous, umntu unokufumana umlutha womzimba kunye nengqondo ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ukukhobokisa, okwenzeka kwiinyanga zokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye neentsuku zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kukhula kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa kusetyenziswa inikotini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunqanda ukutshaya, okunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo neengxaki ezininzi zempilo ezinjengomhlaza, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi kunye nokudakumba, kunye nokufumana inkxaso yobungcali kwiiyunithi zeengcali xa unokukhobokisa.

Ziziphi iingozi zokutshaya?

Ukutshaya kuchaphazela kakubi onke amalungu omzimba, ngakumbi imiphunga, kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo ezinxulumene neenkqubo ezininzi zomzimba. Iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokutshaya kunye neengozi zako, ezibangela ukufa komntu omnye rhoqo kwimizuzwana emi-6 kwihlabathi jikelele, zingadweliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Umhlaza

Kukho iikhemikhali ezingaphezu kwama-7000 kwicuba, amakhulu azo anetyhefu, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-70 kuwo ane-carcinogenic. Ukubonakaliswa komsi wecuba okwesibini, okubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye nokutshaya, kuhambelana ngqo nezifo ezininzi zomhlaza, ngakumbi umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko.

Okanye ichaphazela inkqubo yonyango lomhlaza. Ngelixa umngcipheko wokufa komntu otshayayo ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isifo esinxulumene nomhlaza ukwandisa amaxesha angama-7, umngcipheko wokufa okunxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga uyanda amaxesha angama-12 ukuya kwangama-24.

Izifo zentliziyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye nokuchanabeka kumsi wecuba yenye yezinto ezinokuthintelwa ezikhokelela kwizifo zentliziyo. Igesi yeCarbon monoxide, efumaneka kumsi wecuba kwaye inoxanduva lwesitovu kunye netyhefu yesifudumezi samanzi, iphuma emiphungeni iye egazini.

Ibophelela ngokuthe ngqo kwiiseli zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin. Xa ezi seli, ezijongene nokuthwala i-oksijini kwiiscuphe, ziboshwe nge-carbon monoxide gas, azikwazi ukuthwala iamolekyu ze-oksijini kwaye amandla egazi okuthwala i-oksijini kwizicubu ziyancipha kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, umthwalo womsebenzi wentliziyo uyanda, uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-intravascular luyenyuka kwaye izifo zenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system. Umngcipheko wokufa kwabantu abatshayayo ngenxa yezifo ze-cardiovascular ezifana nesifo senhliziyo ngamaxesha angama-4 aphezulu kunabo bangatshayiyo.

Izifo zeNkqubo yokuphefumla

Elona lungu lichaphazeleka ngokukhawuleza nangokumandla ngumsi wecuba ngokungathandabuzekiyo yimiphunga. Ithare, enye yeekhemikhali eziyingozi ezifumaneka kumsi orholeyo, iqokelelana kwizicubu zemiphunga ize ibangele umonakalo kwezi zicubu ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngenxa yoko, amandla okuphefumula ayancipha kwaye ingozi yezifo ezinzulu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma kunye nesifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary (COPD) siyanda. Kunokuthiwa umngcipheko weCOPD uyanda ngaphezu kwe-8% ngenxa yokutshaya ixesha elide.

Ukonakala kwiMisebenzi yezeSondo

Ukuze zonke iiseli zomzimba ziqhubeke nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, iseli nganye kufuneka ibe namanqanaba awoneleyo eoksijini. Ngenxa yokutshaya, amandla okuthwala ioksijini egazini ayancipha kakhulu kwaye oku kubangela ukulahleka komsebenzi kuzo zonke iinkqubo zomzimba.

Iikhemikhali ezinetyhefu ezifakwe ngomsi wecuba zibangela ukuwohloka kwemisebenzi yezesondo kuzo zombini izini. Le michiza, eneziphumo eziyingozi kakhulu kwi-ovari kunye namasende, nayo enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezandisa umngcipheko wokungabikho komntwana.

Ngelixa ukutshaya kubangela iingxaki ezinxulumene nempilo yokuzala ezifana nokuphuphuma kwesisu, iingxaki ze-placenta kunye nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic ngexesha lokukhulelwa, imijikelezo engaqhelekanga yokuya exesheni, i-osteoporosis, ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kwangoko kunye nokwanda komngcipheko womhlaza wesibeleko kwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhulelwa.

Izifo Zezintso

Inikotini efakwa emzimbeni ngomsi wecuba ijika ibe yikhemikhali eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yicotinine emva kokuba isetyenzisiwe. Le nto, enye yenkunkuma ye-metabolic yomzimba, ikhutshwa emzimbeni ngomchamo, kodwa idlula kuyo yonke inkqubo yezintso ide ikhutshwe ngomchamo, kwaye okwangoku, izintso kunye nezinye izakhiwo zichaphazeleka kakubi kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi olubangelwa kukutshaya kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizintso kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezintso kwixesha elide.

Ukudakumba

Ukutshaya kuneziphumo eziyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo, nakuzo zonke iinkqubo zomzimba. Iimpawu zokudakumba zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abatshayayo okanye abasesichengeni somsi wecuba njengabatshayayo, kwaye ngakumbi ukwanda okukhawulezayo kunye nokuncipha kwamanqanaba enicotine kwandisa kakhulu ukuchaphazeleka komntu kuxinzelelo.

Uhlobo lwesi-2 seswekile

Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezikhokelela kuhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. Ngelixa abantu abaye batshaya kwixesha elidlulileyo banomngcipheko we-28% wokunyuka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, eli nani liphezulu kakhulu kubantu abaqhubeka betshaya.

Iingenelo zempilo zokuyeka ukutshaya

Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kuchaphazela ngqo zonke iinkqubo zomzimba kwaye kubangela izifo ezininzi zesistim. Ukuncipha komthamo wokuthwala ioksijini egazini kubangela ukuba iiseli zingabi nayo ioksijini kwaye konyusa ukuba sesichengeni kwiingxaki ezininzi zempilo, ukusuka kwintliziyo ukuya kuxinzelelo.

Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala emva kokuyeka ukutshaya, amandla okuthwala i-oxygen egazini ayanda kwaye zonke iiseli zomzimba zifikelela kwi-oksijini eyaneleyo.

Ixesha kunye neenzuzo zempilo emva kokuyeka ukutshaya zingadweliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Kwimizuzu engama-20, uxinzelelo lwegazi lubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo; Kukho ukuphuculwa kokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Emva kweeyure eziyi-8, izinga le-carbon monoxide yegazi liqala ukuhla kwaye i-oksijeni yoxinaniso lwegazi luyanda.
• Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okwandisa amaxesha angama-4 ngokusetyenziswa kwecuba, uqala ukunciphisa.
• Ekupheleni kwexesha leeyure ezingama-48, umonakalo kwi-nerve endings uyancipha kwaye imvakalelo yokunambitha kunye nephunga iyaphucuka.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphucula phakathi kweeveki ezi-2 kunye neenyanga ezi-3; umthamo wemiphunga unyuka nge-30%. Ukuhamba, ukwenza umthambo, kunye nokunyuka izinyuko kuba lula kakhulu.
• Phakathi kwenyanga eyi-1 kunye neenyanga ezili-9, imfihlo, egxininiswe kwizono kunye nemiphunga, iyancipha; Ukuphefumla okunempilo kuqinisekiswa kwaye umntu uqala ukuziva enamandla ngakumbi kwaye enamandla.
• Ekupheleni konyaka ongenamsi, zombini intliziyo kunye nezakhiwo ze-vascular ziphucula kakhulu kwaye umngcipheko we-coronary artery disease uyancipha ngesiqingatha.
• Emva kweminyaka emi-5, umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wemiphunga wehla ngesiqingatha. Umngcipheko westroke uyafana nalowo ungatshayiyo. Umngcipheko womhlaza onxulumene nomlomo, umqala, ummizo, i-pancreas, isinyi kunye nezintso uyancipha.

Ngaba ukutshaya kuchaphazela iSperm Motility?

Ukutshaya kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukuhamba kwedlozi. Kumadoda atshayayo, inani lamadlozi linokuhla, nto leyo ebangela ukonakala kwesidoda kwaye kuchaphazele kakubi ukuhamba kwedlozi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuzala kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okukhulelwa. Amadoda atshayayo anokuyiphucula impilo yawo yamadlozi ngokuyeka ukutshaya.

Inkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya

Iinkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya zinceda abantu abatshayayo ukuba boyise ubukhoboka benikotini. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngezicwangciso eziliqili zokuyeka ukutshaya, inkxaso kunye neenkonzo zeengcebiso. Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo, eziquka iimveliso zokutshintsha inikotini, amayeza kagqirha, kunye nonyango lokuziphatha. Ngokukhetha inkqubo yobuqu yokuyeka ukutshaya, iintshayi zinokuwandisa amathuba azo okuyeka ukutshaya.

Iingozi Zokutshaya Ngelixa Ukhulelweyo

Ukutshaya ngelixa ukhulelwe kungonakalisa kakhulu impilo kamama kunye nosana olungekazalwa. Ukutshaya kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha, kubangele ubunzima bokuzalwa obuphantsi, kwaye kubangele iingxaki zokukhula komntwana. Ukongezelela, usana olusesibelekweni luchanabeke kwinikotini nakwimichiza eyingozi, enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ugweme ukutshaya ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ngawaphi Amalungu Awonakalisayo Ukutshaya?

Ukutshaya kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kumalungu amaninzi kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni. Yenza umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi kwimiphunga kwaye yonyusa ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga. Kwakhona yonakalisa inkqubo ye-cardiovascular and kwandisa ingozi yezifo zentliziyo. Ukongeza, ukutshaya kunokonakalisa amalungu amaninzi anjengesibindi, izintso, isisu kunye namathumbu kwaye kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza.

Ngaba Ukutshaya Kwenzakalisa Amazinyo?

Ukutshaya kunemiphumo emininzi eyingozi kumazinyo kunye ne-enamel yezinyo, izifo zomlomo kunye nephunga. Ukutshaya kunokubangela ukuba amazinyo abe tyheli, kuguge i-enamel yamazinyo, kwaye kwandise amathuba okuba nesifo seentsini. Isenokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla kakubi. Iingxaki zempilo yamazinyo zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abatshayayo, kwaye ukutshaya ixesha elide kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kwamazinyo. Ukuyeka ukutshaya linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni impilo yamazinyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga noTyayi

Ukutshaya kuyichaphazela njani impilo yolusu?

Ukutshaya kunokuchaphazela kakubi impilo yesikhumba. Iikhemikhali ezinobuthi eziqulethwe kwi-cigarettes zinokunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi esikhumbeni kwaye zithintele ukuveliswa kwe-collagen. Oku kunokubangela ukubonakala kwangaphambili kwemibimbi kunye nemigca, eyimpawu zokuguga esikhumbeni. Ukongezelela, ulusu lweentshayi lusenokubonakala lubuthuntu yaye luluthuthu. Ukutshaya kunokwandisa amathuba okuba namaqhakuva nezinye iingxaki zolusu.

Zeziphi iingozi zempilo zokutshaya?

Ukutshaya kuneengozi ezininzi empilweni. Ukutshaya kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga, isifo sentliziyo, isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (COPD), isifo sohlangothi, isifo seswekile, umhlaza wesisu, umhlaza womlomo, umhlaza wommizo kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ukongeza, ukutshaya kuyayicaphukisa indlela yokuphefumla, kunokuwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba, kwaye kubangele ukudumba kuwo wonke umzimba.

Yintoni umsi wecuba kwaye uyingozi njani?

Ukutshaya icuba kubhekiselele kwimeko apho abantu abangatshayiyo bechanabeka kumsi wecuba. Umsi wecuba ubangela ukuchanabeka kwaloo khemikhali iyingozi kwaye unokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo. Umsi wecuba uyingozi kakhulu kubantwana, abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nabantu abaneengxaki ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla. Umsi wecuba unokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo sokuphefumla, isifo sentliziyo kunye nomhlaza.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kokutshaya nesifo sentliziyo?

Ukutshaya kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nesifo sentliziyo. Ukutshaya kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye kubangele ukuba imithambo yegazi ibe nzima kwaye ivaleke. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye ne-stroke. Umsi wecuba unokuthoba amanqanaba eoksijini emzimbeni, ucinezele izihlunu zentliziyo kwaye wandise umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kubalulekile kwimpilo yentliziyo kwaye kunokunciphisa ingozi yesifo sentliziyo.

Ukukhotyokiswa licuba kunokufuna ukunyangwa ngeendlela zobungcali kumaziko anamava. Ungalibali ukufumana uncedo lwengcali xa uyeka ukutshaya.