XHUkulibaziseka kwentetho kunye nokuhamba kade ebantwaneni
Ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunye nokuhamba kade ebantwaneni
Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso kuchazwa njengabantwana abangakwaziyo ukugqibezela amanqanaba okukhula alindelekileyo ngexesha okanye ukuwagqiba emva kwexesha. Xa uthetha ngokulibaziseka kophuhliso, kuphela ukukhula komzimba womntwana akufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Iqondo lophuhliso kwiinkalo ezifana nengqondo, iimvakalelo, intlalo, iimoto kunye nolwimi kufuneka lijongwe kwaye livavanywe.
Inkqubo yophuhliso lwesiqhelo lwabantwana
Amalungu ayimfuneko kwintetho yeentsana ezisandul ukuzalwa akakakhuli ngokwaneleyo ukuba angalawuleka. Iintsana zichitha uninzi lweentsuku zazo zimamele amazwi oomama bazo. Nangona kunjalo, bayayivakalisa iminqweno yabo eyahlukileyo ngeethoni ezahlukeneyo zokulila, ukuhleka kunye namazwi ngolwimi lwabo. Abazali abalandela ngokusondeleyo iinkqubo zophuhliso lwabantwana babo banokubona iingxaki ezinokubakho ezifana nokuthetha emva kwexesha kunye nokuhamba emva kwexesha ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukwenza izandi ezingenantsingiselo kunye nokuhleka ziinzame zokuqala zeentsana zokuthetha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana baqala ukusebenzisa amagama anentsingiselo emva kokuba begqibe unyaka ubudala, kwaye inkqubo yokufunda amagama amatsha ikhawuleza ukusuka kwinyanga ye-18. Ngeli xesha, ukuphuhliswa kwesigama sabantwana kuyabonwa. Ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-2, abantwana basebenzisa izimbo zomzimba kunye namagama, kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-2, baqalisa ukusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba kancinci baze bazichaze ngezivakalisi. Xa abantwana befikelela kwiminyaka eyi-4-5 ubudala, banokuvakalisa iminqweno kunye neemfuno zabo kubantu abadala kwizivakalisi ezide kunye neziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kobunzima kwaye banokuqonda ngokulula iziganeko kunye neengxelo ezibangqongileyo. Ukukhula kweemoto zabantwana nako kungahluka. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye iintsana zithatha amanyathelo abo okuqala kunyaka omnye ubudala kwaye ezinye iintsana zithatha amanyathelo abo okuqala kwiinyanga ezili-15-16. Iintsana zidla ngokuqala ukuhamba phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12 nezili-18.
Kufuneka kurhanelwe nini ukuthetha kade kunye neengxaki zokuhamba emva kwexesha ebantwaneni?
Abantwana kulindeleke ukuba babonise izakhono zabo zokuthetha kunye nokuhamba kwiinyanga zokuqala ze-18-30. Abantwana abanokuba ngasemva koontanga babo kwezinye izakhono banokuba nezakhono ezinjengokutya, ukuhamba nokuya ngasese, kodwa intetho yabo inokulibaziseka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bonke abantwana banezigaba ezifanayo zokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banokuba nexesha elikhethekileyo lokukhula, ngoko banokuqalisa ukuthetha ngaphambi okanye emva kwexesha kunoontanga babo. Kuphononongo olwenziwe kwiingxaki zokuthetha emva kwexesha, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantwana abanengxaki yolwimi nentetho basebenzise amagama ambalwa. Okukhona ulwimi lomntwana kunye neengxaki zokuthetha zibonwa kwangethuba, kokukhona unyango lwabo lunokubakho. Ukuba umntwana ukhula ngokucotha ngakumbi kunoontanga bakhe abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-24 ukuya kwezingama-30 ubudala yaye akakwazi ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwakhe nabanye abantwana, iingxaki zakhe zokuthetha nolwimi zisenokuba mbi ngakumbi. Le ngxaki inokuba nzima ngakumbi ngokudibanisa neengxaki zengqondo kunye nezentlalo. Ukuba abantwana bathetha nabafundisi-ntsapho babo ngaphezu koontanga babo kwii-kindergartens nakwii-kindergartens, baphephe ukudlala imidlalo nabanye abantwana, kwaye banobunzima bokuzibonakalisa, ugqirha oyingcali kufuneka adibane naye. Ngokunjalo, ukuba umntwana oneenyanga ezili-18 akakaqali ukuhamba, akakhasi, akaphakami ngokubambelela entweni, okanye akenzi ntshukumo yokutyhala ngemilenze yakhe xa elele, kufuneka kurhanelwe ukulibaziseka kokuhamba. ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka abonane nogqirha oyingcali.
Ukulibaziseka kwentetho kunye nokuhamba emva kwexesha ebantwaneni kunokuba ziimpawu zesiphi isifo?
Iingxaki zonyango ezenzeka ngaphambi, ngexesha nangemva kokuzalwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni umntwana. Iingxaki ezifana nezifo zemetabolism, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, izifo zezihlunu, usulelo kunye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kwimveku engekazalwa ayichaphazeli nje ukukhula kweemoto zomntwana kodwa nako konke ukukhula kwakhe. Iingxaki zokukhula ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-cerebral palsy, kunye ne-muscular dystrophy zinokubangela ukuba abantwana bahambe emva kwexesha. Ubunzima bolwimi kunye nezakhono zokuthetha bubonwa kubantwana abaneengxaki ze-neurological ezifana ne-hydrocephalus, i-stroke, ukuxhuzula, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nezifo ezifana ne-autism. Iintsana ezifikelela kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala kwaye zinengxaki yokudlala nabanye abantwana kwaye zingakwazi ukuzichaza zinokuthiwa zineengxaki zokuthetha nolwimi, kodwa ezi ngxaki zikwabonwa njengeempawu ze-autism. Ukuqaphela kwangethuba ukuhamba kunye nokuthetha ubunzima kunye nokungenelela ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki ngokukhawuleza.